Google Inc. in China Essay

The case study is titled Google Inc., In china, written by Kirsten E. Martin for the Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics. Kirsten Martin is the Assistant Professor of Business and Economics at the Catholic University of America and Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics Fellow, â€Å"to encourage classroom discussion and not to illustrate effective or ineffective business decision making†. Kirsten is an academic, whose purpose is to examine ethical decisions and behavior in business, creating a bias to enhance the ethical situations related to business practice. The Catholic University was established in 1887 and is located in Washington D.C. Its values are more conservative, and emphasize charity and community-based values, as the Catholic Church is a strong proponent of helping the community. Also, being located in D.C. it is likely biased to be much more politically involved and influenced by the location. Her background in economics may also lead itself to bias assessing how Google could do greater good for the economy through their business, making her ethical evaluation more stringent. Her involvement with the Business Roundtable and more specifically their Institute for Corporate Ethics illustrates her belief that corporations have an obligation to be good citizens: morally, environmentally, and be proactively ethical. She would need to have complete knowledge of the major business environment differences in China to evaluate the ethical standards of their society without prejudice as well. She also likely lacks real world experience of operating a business as large as Google, and the pressures to manage all of the stakeholders needs; including shareholders desire to maximize profits. Ultimately, she has a very compelling bias to highlight any ethical behavior positively and negatively for further educational analysis. A.2. My perspective3 as the analyst:  ¶ My perspective is that of a daily user of Google and a student at Portland State University, School of Business Administration. I have some background knowledge of this case that are part of my personal beliefs and perspective. I believe in freedom of speech and oppose censorship. However, there are grounds for censorship that I feel are criminal and unethical which should be removed for legal, moral, and ethical reasons. I do not have an ideological belief that everything should be published and protected within free speech. That being said the things that cross that barrier are outlined well in US law and even more harshly abroad (abuses to children, women, etc.). Although many things are horrific, it is a dangerous subject to define what should be censored and not. In this case I understand the Chinese government censors subjects and manipulate the truth, this is not censoring to uphold the moral fibers of their society but their regime, and total control over the information provided to their society. I live in a liberal region of the US and have many freedoms that make it difficult for me to truly understand not having some of the basic rights I take for granted. I have not traveled the world nor have a deeper knowledge of other cultures or how the fabrics of their societies are woven into their economics and business ethics. My last perspective bias is that business should be a positive influence on society as a whole and follow the same moral and ethical standards that humanity as a whole need to follow. Although, there are different cultural values and legal systems around the world as we become a global economy and society we must define and support businesses that uphold the strongest moral beliefs and ethical standards. B. State what you are bracketing:4  ¶ I have some knowledge of the students protest in Tiananmen Square that is sure to come up in this case, and the censorship that the Chinese government supports. The brutality that happened from the protests and the total denial of the Chinese government will be set aside during my analysis. I have also completed an ethical assessment of Yahoo! disclosing personal information to the Chinese government for political adversaries that were promoting democracy, and imprisoned one individual for 10-years. Yahoo! broke their confidentiality policies, and payed an undisclosed amount to the wife of the man imprisoned. I will bracket my knowledge and assessment of how the Chinese government used threats to obtain the information. Also, I have read that Google has supported censorship to initially enter the market in China, and has a near monopoly over the internet search engine market. This monopoly can lead to overconfidence and complacency both of which lead to bad ethical situations. I have friends that work for Google and have heard very positive opinions regarding their corporate culture regarding their employees; this positive information has influenced my opinion of Google as well. I will bracket my opinions of the author and carefully examine her argument and facts. Moreover, I will bracket all opinions and information that I have regarding Google and the Chinese government. II. The Situation5: A. List the facts6 relevant to the issue(s) identified:  ¶ Google: 1998 Google Inc. was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin   Mission is: â€Å"To organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful†. Motto is: â€Å"Don’t be evil†. Not to accept sponsored search results, like their competitors. 2000 Entered the Chinese market, by creating a Chinese-language version of its homepage that was housed in the US and not subject to Chinese laws. 2002, September Google.com was inaccessible for two weeks. When reinstated it was slow and temperamental for all Chinese users and completely inaccessible for Chinese universities. â€Å"The average time to download a Google Web page was more than seven times slower than for Baidu, the leading Chinese search engine.† 2004 realized they were losing market share to Baidu, Yahoo!, and Microsoft, because of their local presence, because they are licensed within Chinese borders, due to self-censorship. 2005 announced two important appointments: Dr. Kai-Fu Lee (left Microsoft) whose goal was, â€Å"To make advanced technology accessible and useful to every user, as well as be part of the vibrant growth and innovation in China today.† Also, Johnny Chou, who assisted in building sales and distribution as well as a R&D center in China so Google would have the assets needed to succeed. 2005 they had 5,680 employees scattered throughout the world. With positive cash flow of $3.45 Billion. 2006, January announced the creation of Google.cn, which is located in China and subject to Chinese filtering: Keeping sensitive information outside China through Gmail, and Blogger Disclosing the presence of general filtering to users

Indian Monsoon Essay

Remember the ‘Famine 1975!’ (?) – A bestseller by William and Paul Paddock which had created ripples throughout the world by their comments on the underdeveloped countries especially India. Their message was loud and clear â€Å"Let the (hopeless) Indians starve to death†. Humiliated by the inefficiency due to lack of advanced technology and inability to be self-dependent to feed the population drastic changes were implemented by then policy makers of Democratic Republican of India. Mr Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan led the crusade to make India self-sufficient by spreading the green revolution throughout India. Since then India has never looked back despite weak monsoons frequently. Impact of green revolution – So what led to the doomsday being averted? The modern practices in agriculture were implemented with newer technology. But the turning point was the introduction of high yielding variety of seeds which made the dependence on monsoon much less. The genetically modified seeds increased India’s production from 120 tonnes to 170 tonnes in a span of just one year. India also invested in agricultural universities to promote research in drought resistant seeds. Land reforms in that era resulted in the consolidation of small holdings which resulted in implementation of technology optimally. MS Swaminathan was instrumental in spreading the awareness rapidly regarding the ill effects of fertilizers and pesticides which eroded the quality of soil. New policies were implemented to make the credit supply for farmers easy and convenient. The cumulative effects of all these changes made sure India would not have to be completely dependent on monsoons in future. Initially the food grain production did increase with the implementation of green revolution but after ten years it reached its saturation. The food grain available per person reached its peak at 480 gms per person. The consumption of protein rich foods which were not dependent on agriculture increased simultaneously with growth of India’s economy. Although the penetration of superior foods among the lower strata of population was still insignificant but the consumption among the higher end of the society increased considerably. Implementation of PDS – The game changer however was the improved public distribution system. Monsoon in India is peculiar in the sense that the rainfall may be deficient in some areas whereas abundant in other. So the production also follows the same pattern being under target in the monsoon deficient areas whereas bumper production in the abundant monsoon areas. But the irony was that he food grain in the bumper production region were left to rot despite of the people starving in other regions. The rapid development of roads led to a better connectivity which ensures that the food grain output can be equitably distributed across India. So even if the monsoon being deficient in some areas the excessive output from other regions could be sent across to compensate or the low production. Improved irrigation – The dependence of agriculture on monsoon has declined over the years. Compared to 1965, when 67% of the agriculture was dependent on monsoon, only 40 % of the agriculture is dependent on rainfall today. The irrigation earlier was due to canals which were indirectly dependent on rainfall but now the irrigation is mostly by tube wells which are not dependent on monsoons. So a decline in monsoon won’t affect the production output drastically. India traditionally produces two crops, kharif and rabi. Kharif crops are cultivated in the monsoons and rabi crops are cultivated in the winters. So kharif crops are dependent on, whereas rabi crops are unaffected by, monsoons. Earlier the kharif crops accounted for three fourths of the total output but in the contemporary scenario the output of kharif and rabi crops are almost equal. So a deficient monsoon may change the output of kharif crops slightly but the rabi output won’t be affected. Inflation rendered ineffective – Weak monsoon will fuel inflation due to the supply and demand mismatch. The increase in level of prices will have some effect on other commodities as well. Having said that, as per the the PDS scheme the population under the BPL gets 35 kg of food grain every month. So the poor won’t be affected much by increase in the food inflation Effect on GDP – India’s agriculture contributed to around 52% of the total GDP in 1950. The investments in the manufacturing sector as well as the rise of Indian services sector led to decrease in the share of the agriculture in India’s GDP. Presently agriculture contributes only 14% to the GDP. So even if the production decreases due to weak monsoon its effect on the GDP will be negligible. Even 7% drop in the output, though very unlikely would decrease the GDP by only 1 %. Forex sufficiency – Earlier India received foodgrains on charity – primarily from USA, Australia and Canada. But dependencies have been worked upon. Scenarios have been mitigated. Today, India has $300 billion as foreign reserves and has earned enough forex reserves to buy food grains in times of emergency. The current reserves of the food grain stands at 80 million tonnes, so a situation of import is highly improbable. These all contribute as the major reasons which have ceased Indian-draughts & fickle monsoon conditions from being calamities anymore. Foodgrain availability remains as low as in the 1960s, despite the green revolution. But rapid GDP growth, by hugely boosting the share of services and industry in GDP, has made agriculture a relative pygmy, greatly reducing the economy’s monsoon dependence. Yet when everything is said and read, things aren’t as rosy as we have depicted above. There remains a catch : a drought may no longer mean mass starvation, but it still means food inflation!

Case Study Tesco Business Essay

Case Study Tesco Business Essay In UK one of the fast growing business sectors is retail industry. Retail market is set to increase by 15% over the next five years, taking its value to just over  £312bn (UK retail futures 2011: sector summary, data monitor). Retailing consists of sales goods to the consumer from a fixed location. Where, the consumer can buy the product what their needs. Retailing may include subordinated services, such as delivery. This makes the consumer life easy. They are close to the customer. Today people are busy, they don’t have too much time for buy the convenience goods searching different place for the different product. They want everything in the same place. Which will save their time and makes life easy. Now a day, every retailer is a Brand by their own name. Consumer fells proud to be a consumer of a particular retailer. Every retailer has the different marketing policy with the different segments of market. Every time they are bringing something new to the customer to attra ct with their brand or to be a proud consumer with the brand. In UK there are many retail shops, like – Sainsbury’s, ASDA, ALDI, Co-operative, Summerfield, Tesco etc. Among them here we will look at Tesco. TESCO Plc: Tesco Plc, is one of the leading retailer in UK market. It’s a British international grocery and general merchandising retail chain. Now, Tesco is the UK’s largest retail market chain. UK’s largest supermarket chain Tesco plc is operating their business with the different countries of Europe, USA and Asia. In 1919 Jack Cohen bought a shipment of tea from T.E. Stockwell and used those initials and added the first two letters of his own name, the brand TESCO. According to the data of Feb’10, Tesco has 4811 stores in different location with 440,000 employees. Which revenue was  £62.54bn (Feb’2010). Tesco has six different categories of store. Which are differentiated by size and range of product sold. Tesco extra Tesco sup erstore Tesco metro Tesco express One stop Tesco Home plus According to TNS Worldpanel, Tesco’s share of the UK grocery market in the 12 weeks to 27 December 2009 was 30.5%, up 0.1% on 12 weeks to 27 December 2008 largely in line with the increase of the other four largest supermarkets. Supermarket Market Share December 2009 +/- from December 2008 Tesco 30.5% à ¢- ²Ã‚  0.1% Asda 16.9% à ¢- ²Ã‚  0.1% Sainsbury’s 16.3% à ¢- ²Ã‚  0.2% Morrisons 12.3% à ¢- ²Ã‚  0.5% Club Card – Innovation Introducing Clubcard – the loyalty card is the great innovation for Tesco. In 1995, Tesco launched the Clubcard which is operated by Dunnhummby Limited, a private company now majority owned by Tesco. After two slight amendment to the design it was re-launched in 2005. But in 2007, it becomes most popular. Customer can get 1 clubcard point by spending  £1 around thousands of product range. When customer shopping at Tesco, customer can also get double point on sp ecial offers. For every 100 clubcard point customer will  £1 voucher. When tesco offers for double clubcard point the number of card holder increased by 1million in 2009/10 market year. Tesco have recently launched both Iphone and BlackBerry application to collect the clubcard point.

Reflection and DQ's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection and DQ's - Essay Example As such, CSR was described to entail elements which include commitment to serve the best interests of society; yet ensuring that the organization grows through the generation of profits. Without earning financial resources, the organization would not be able to sustain continued operations in producing products or services that would benefit its stakeholders, including the environment and the general public. Finally, the success of CSR also requires consumer social responsibilities to do their part in sustaining and supporting the organization’s commitment to succeed in their field of endeavor. One shares similar contentions that the popularity of applying CSR was considered analogous to a bandwagon paradigm. By merely asserting that the organization adheres to CSR philosophies was already indicative of conformity to ethical, moral, and legal standards. As explained in the video, there are crucial ingredients to consider before CSR could be effectively exemplified. One strongly believes that CSR would only be successful and effective, if and when, the board members or members of the executive team have in-depth understanding of what CSR ideals and philosophies entail. As such, it was commendable to insinuate that the application of CSR goes hand in hand with corporate governance. Thus, organizations should not publicly promote adherence to CSR philosophies without genuine commitment to abiding with ethical standards. There should be a balanced application of business practices that give equal weights to generation of profits vis-Ã  -vis serving the interests of others. The description of CSR accurately attested an exemplary understanding of the relevant lessons presented from the video. The commitment of the organization to look beyond what they offer in terms of products or services that generate profits, to include the ensuring that the effects of these products (or services) generate positive impact to society

Paraphrase articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Paraphrase articles - Essay Example In addition, negotiating a research proposal together with electing some concern for the research to dwell on occurs. Therefore, after addressing and alluding to all these, a strong base for the action research project, is usually laid. A University of A Coruna and a Faculty of Education don, Bello, E. in March 2000, started an action research project. After the initiation of the project, establishing what features must be possessed by the school became a central issue. Stake (1998) as cited by Bello (2006) offered principles that may assist researchers in their school choices. Some particular principles mentioned comprises the stage, which the research will focus on, is instructed at that specific school. Prospects for knowledge that is new will be obtained through; selecting this specific school, various academic or educational programs that are provided at the school, together with/or geographical position is most favorable for study (Bello, 2006). The choice of Bello was informed by the prospects to obtain knowledge that is new. The criteria that Bello viewed as important for selecting a school to conduct the action research project was fulfilled by Andaina Municipal Nursery School (Bello, 2006).Thus, this specific school is reliant on local administration, supervised by teaching cooperation, and was in the course of building a new nursery, primary as well as secondary school at that given time. In addition, teachers in Andaina Municipal Nursery School appreciated teamwork and there was existence of an open invitation for the involvement of parents. The selection of materials was on the basis of need with the existence of a clear admiration not only of the Galician language but also its culture. Apart from the above-mentioned features or recommended criterion to be on the lookout for in consideration of prospective schools to carry out research, it is also essential to look for an individual at a school enthusiastic to work on the project

Military Leadership in the Union Armies Term Paper

Military Leadership in the Union Armies - Term Paper Example The battle continued for four years from year 1861 to 1865 and then ended with the surrender of the Confederate and outlawed slavery throughout the Country.1 Union party was served by more than 2.2 million military men, whereas approx 1.4 million people fought from Confederate side. The military personnel had gained professional military education and worked under the leadership of officers from diverse backgrounds. These military officers were professionally trained West Pointers, businesses persons and political officials. Initially confederate had strong leadership, but Union had led by poor commanders. Later on, Union replaced such officials and employed adept and potential military men who had command experience, thereby brought victory to the Union.2 This paper analyzes battlefield strategy and leadership of Military officials in Union Army which led the forces to defeat Confederate men. The US Civil War never faced shortfall of enthusiasm because many young people wanted to jo in the army in 1861. All these people volunteered because they were excited to fight in defense of the Union military force, in anticipation of quick promotions as lead by their experience. The trouble created in the process of volunteering was a severe lack of leadership, planning and organization at the loftiest levels.3 The American Civil War supplied a multitude of commanders and sensible comparison amid battle conditions and issues. The Union military army had a specific requirement for efficacious armed combat commanders during the Civil War and those commanders and officers were essentially needed to be specifically educated and well trained to lead the people in war which would in turn defend and uphold the new nation. This unique need was realized and understood by government and politicians, so they made efforts for military training.4 Though, all military leaders had not developed through gaining formal military education and training. Many cells of professional officials were formed by the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis and the United States Military Academy at West Point. These cells were comprised of professional military officers who had complete knowledge of military science so as to create an intense impact on the demeanor of the American Civil War. Throughout the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln was the President of United States and at the same time served as the Commander-in-Chief of the Union armed forces, the highest-ranking military officer .5 The military personnel had the authority to elect the junior officers, whereas the state governors nominated the senior officers, and the President Lincoln nominated the generals.6 The significant military leaders for the Union army included Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman, George B. McClellan, George Meade, John C. Fremont, Ambrose Burnside, Joseph Hooker, Irvin McDowell, and Winfield Scott.7 This paper throws light especially on the role played by Generals George B. McClellan, Ulysses S. Grant, George Meade, and William T. Sherman. During the American Civil War, George Brinton McClellan was a major general. He served as the general-in-chief of the Union Army for a short period from November 1861 to March 1862, and coordinated the renowned Army of the Potomac. In the beginning of the war, McClellan’s attempts for raising a well-trained and devised army for the Union had been very important. Peninsula Campaign initiated by McClellan in 1862 got failed, as his army receded due to

International Law and Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Law and Globalisation - Essay Example International law is made by society for the benefit of society. Unless the world that we live in has laws to abide by, lawlessness would have cleansed this world of humanity. International law is, simply, the law of international society. The whole human race uses social processes to build its future to be in accordance with what it wills that its future should be. These problems are not just of national interest, but international as well. Terrorism has no boundaries, and terrorists can inflict damage to property, besides taking innocent lives in the name of pretence. The menace of such drastically barbaric acts of terrorism makes the news headlines in papers around the globe everyday. Slavery and child labour is a major cause for concern in third world countries. So much so that, whatever happens before our eyes today are man-made. Natural calamities aside, anything and everything that is reported in the papers, television and radio are all a consequence of human activities. To pr otect and guide civilisation through such unpredictable and barbaric acts of terror and destruction, all states from around the world, combined to form a common law agency, called the United Nations Organisation (UNO). Head Quartered in New York. The UN is the police of world affairs. International laws are formed to curb the menace posed to society. It is laws made by societies to protect them form lawlessness. International Administrative law oversees the use and misuse of power delegated by international law. It ensures that all states abide by the laws recommended by the states are abided and that, if and when, an intentional misdemeanor occurs, laws are enforced to block any damage to society. International administrative law is designed to ensure that powers under international laws are used in accordance with the international social objectives which they are designed to serve, that’s to say, that they are used in the international public interest ‘The actual is not natural and inevitable. The actual was made by us and can be remade by

The use of social media to boost event attendance Essay

The use of social media to boost event attendance - Essay Example Traditional method of advertising events was through posting mail cards, distributing fliers and making individual calls to invite the targeted audience. These methods are expensive in terms of the financial resources used and the time incurred in reaching the audience. Embracing social media in the marketing activities has greatly reduced these expenses since very little cost is involved in advertising an event over the social platform. One needs to only have access to internet and have the relevant accounts to reach millions of people globally. Furthermore the communication is instant since no time is wasted in passing the information and hence an effective mode of communication. The reduced marketing cost implies that the organizers of the events can channel those funds to improving the outlook of the event and hence attract more guests. The little expenses incurred can also prompt lowering of the fee charged for the event and therefore encourage many people to participate (Havald ar, 2010). Almost every cultured person living in this dispensation of advanced technology participates in online social activities such as Twitter and face book. This large audience is translated to a large attendance when the respective planners harness and utilize the potential of the network to the maximum (Wale, Robinson & Dickson, 2010). Many organizations have set a team of online marketers whose mandate is to publicize the event and educate the public on the strategies to adopt. The strategies include creating relevant groups in the Face book and hash tags in twitter and then inviting people to join the groups and twit under the given hash tags. The promoters are always influential people with a large number of followers in the social media so that they can affect a large population. An effective mobilization and awareness creation is always a

Marketing Plan of Divine Chocolate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Plan of Divine Chocolate - Essay Example The researcher states that with Fair Trade, Divine Chocolate ensures that farmers always receive a better deal for their contributions and that money invested for social good eventually supported entrepreneurs, farmers, and co-operatives to access more capital for business.This Fair Trade will create a positive zeal among customers impacting their buying behavior and driving Divine’s profitability. Divine will go for strategic marketing mix with the focus on integrated marketing communication, competitive pricing, social media marketing, penetration pricing, segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy. The company expects that all these marketing strategies will help the company achieve higher marketing synergy reflected in performance and profitability, leading to 60 percent changes in the total turnover and relative gross profit at the end of the first year. In the UK, the chocolate confectionery market has been witnessing steady growth of 5% and the trend is expected t o continue till 2016. The UK chocolate market has reached nearly  £4,000 billion in 2011, which was a 21 percent increase over a five year period. Based on Mintel’s findings, it is reported that UK chocolate market is expected to reach to  £5,059 billion in the worst case or  £5,531 billion in a best case. The market trend is outlined above. With a view to grab the better slice of this emerging marketing opportunities, Divine Chocolate has strategized on its way of marketing chocolates by focusing on Fair Trade and ethical business. Founded in 1993 with the birth of Kuapa Kokoo which was a pioneering cooperative organization initiated by cocoa farmers in Ghana, Divine promised its customers to bring a delicious Fairtrade chocolate alternative. The marketing plan of Divine involves strict compliance with UK’s food and drug administration guidelines and EU’s Cocoa and Chocolate Products Regulations of 1993. The operations will have complied with other regula tions, or amendments to previous regulations related to food safety, chocolate or confectionary contents, ethical requirements etc that are prevailing in the UK.

What are the features of the constructivist theory and its Assignment

What are the features of the constructivist theory and its applications - Assignment Example tainer† exists wherein the individual can seek to categorize the new and incoming information, the constructivist approach dictates that a container will be made which is suitable to house such information within the mind, worldview, and culture of the individual in question. Accordingly, as a means to provide a positive learning result, it is incumbent upon the educator to seek to build such a construct first prior to seeking to impart key elements of knowledge upon which a larger construct can be understood. An example of this would of course be the need for a teacher to adequately express and detail all points of vocabulary and understanding to an elementary school class prior to launching into a broad overview of a new means of understanding. Similarly, psychological constructivists are primarily interested in how people construct key internal elements of cognitive reasoning. In other words, psychological constructivists seek to answer the question of precisely how human construct different containers within which to house information that is oftentimes otherwise viewed as somewhat absolute. On the other hand, social constructivism, as the name implies, relies heavily on the means by which constructs are built as a result of the societal constraints, culture, and norms that are present within group dynamics. Accordingly, as the text states, on the extreme end of the spectrum there is what is known as radical constructivism. This particular type of constructivism is what can be termed as a type of relativism in which those that espouse such a view contend that there is no reality whatsoever other that what the individual establishes for themselves. Accordingly, the means by which any type of constructivism takes place lie s solely within the grasp of the individual who is creating the reality (construction) for themselves. These unique and differing layers of understanding the way in which human beings classify and categorize key information is

Online Social Network Bring More Benefits Than Harm for Teens Essay Example for Free

Online Social Network Bring More Benefits Than Harm for Teens Essay Social networking is even used to prove the legitimacy or credibility of the individual. From entertainment, information to career improvement, social networking has practically changed the way people communicate and interact online. But social networks still have to face certain challenges especially on the users’ end since these challenges could harm users and the social network’s reputation. It is important for users of social network to consider these issues that surround the social network. By remembering these challenges, users will be able to protect themselves from negative repercussions on some issues on social network. Privacy as the Main Concern The number one problem users as well as social network administrators face everyday is security. It can happen in any given time with or without the user online. Attacks on different social networking website are always a possibility because the data protected by social networks are too precious to be ignored by attackers. Viruses, spywares and worms that aim to crawl through security protocols of social networks are constantly threatening social networks. Considerable time and resources are always spent by social networks in order to maintain privacy of their users. A single attack could make every user vulnerable to security related problems such as identity theft. Information Access Access to social networking websites varies. Some website will allow any user to access information of persons even though they are not part of the user’s network while some social network prohibit access to any form of information without confirmation from the profile owner. Problems regarding information access could be completely controlled by user but unauthorized access could still happen especially for those who are just starting to understand the rules of different social networks. Updated Notification Every social network provides real time notification usually through email if there are any changes in the user’s profile. But most notifications are very limited and they are usually on the positive things that happened on the social network. For example, when a request to connect is asked, the user will automatically be notified through email or any messaging system the user prefers. But social networks will never inform the user if someone willingly removes their connection. This is done to avoid confrontations between users which significantly affect the relationship. Misuse of Social Networks Unfortunately, there are those who use social network for scams and other illegal purposes. There have been reports around the world that social networks are used to spread rumors, lies or degrading messages that could affect the person’s reputation. â€Å"Cyber bullying† or an act of being hostile to another user online has also been observed in some social networks. This type of actions should never be allowed in any social network. Users have to be careful on the veracity of the data they receive and to take actions as soon as possible as soon as something undesirable is found on social networks. Protection for Children Aside from privacy and misuse of social networks, the vulnerability of minors is also a big problem for all social networks. While some social networks are geared towards adults, most social networks are open to everyone – including minors. Unfortunately, minors on social networks could become targets of sexual predators that can cloak their real identity in different social networks. While some legislators have taken steps in preventing these offenders from using social networks these efforts could be easily curtailed especially when the offender is more than familiar with the internet.

Ford Focus and Ford Motor Company Essay Example for Free

Ford Focus and Ford Motor Company Essay When Alan Mulally took over as Chief Executive Officer at Ford Motor Company in 2006 the organization was losing billions of dollars. According to Tony Schwartz (2010), â€Å"It had just come off reporting a $14. 6 billion loss for 2008, its fourth losing year in a row† (para. 1). The article Alan Mulally-Making Ford a Model for the Future illustrates the progress of Alan Mulally and the four simple principles that are making the company become profitable. Principles are important in any organization and an employee needs to feel important and motivated to come to work. These are a few of the principles that Alan Mulally have implemented since 2006: Stand for something beyond profit. Rally your employees around a shared mission. Practice a realistic optimism. Tell the truth without fear (Schwartz, 2010). The turnaround at Ford Motor Company was not overnight. He invested in the vision â€Å"One Ford† which has the idea of creating vehicles that will appeal to both American and European consumers by utilizing a common design theme that would move beyond the three-bar infatuation of the United States (Lavrinc, 2007). The transformation of the American icon was due to the One Ford vision and one year after 2008, Ford Motor Company reported a profit of $2. 7 billion. This transformation would not have happened if Alan Mulally did not take over in 2006. The ethical behavior by Ford Motor Company’s Chief Executive Officer has shown to be a true testament to future CEO’s in the global market. When the company raised $23. 5 billion to finance the restructuring and accelerate the investment in new products it shows great leadership during the Great Recession (Bartiromo, 2011). This American icon is 110 years old and recently had the strongest third quarter profit in history in 2012. This would not have happened without Alan Mulally reducing the brands of Aston Martin, Jaguar, Mazda, Land Rover, and Volvo into the two main components that a person would vision on the road today Ford and Lincoln. The leadership is beyond extraordinary and models like the Ford Focus is now one of the country’s best selling cars (Schwartz, 2010). The business environment is multifaceted with enormous challenges that face the global market. By focusing attention on a vision, the leader operates on the emotional and spiritual resources of the organization, on its values, commitment, and aspirations. The manager, by contrast, operates on the physical resources of the organization, on its capital, human skills, raw materials, and technology. The results that an individual observes currently are in direct correlation of the actions over the last five years. Ford has now paid back the $23. 5 billion that was taken out in 2006 to finance the restructuring and investment of new products. The company has started to hire and bring jobs back to the United States. According to Schwartz (2010), â€Å"Mulally is taking an old-school industrial company and turning it into a model of how modern company ought to be run† (para. 3). Using the PESTEL Analysis to capture macro-environmental forces and including part of the Ansoff Product/Market Opportunity Matrix Ford Motor Company can thrive on market penetration strategies. The following PESTEL Analysis shows the six factors that are the biggest weaknesses and strengths perceived to be the primary data in the next five years for the automotive giant.

Study On What Is Absenteeism Management Essay

Study On What Is Absenteeism Management Essay To many in the world of work, absenteeism is one of those stubborn problems for which à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..there is no clear culprit and no easy cure (Rhodes Steers, 1990). Furthermore, as a general phenomenon it does not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, race and religion. Bydawell (2000) postulates that employers have the right to expect good attendance from their employees as employment is a contract between two consenting parties. The author additionally states that absentee issues will undeniably arise within the employment relationship, and should be resolved in a way which is fair and unbiased to both the employer and the employee. Absenteeism can be very costly to organisations and gargantuan reserves can be realised through successful management of non-attendance at work. in addition to the cost implications, absenteeism is influenced by dozens of interconnected factors which make it even more difficult to quantify, qualify, or rectify (Tylczak , 1990). One of these factors which have been cited by different researchers is an employees level of job satisfaction in the workplace. In combination with this, George and Jones (2002) maintain that many scholars have studied the relationship between absenteeism and job satisfaction in an attempt to discover ways to reduce absenteeism. Early job satisfaction research has emphasised the fundamental assumption that job disappointment represents the main reason of absenteeism (Steers, Porter Bigley, 1996). McShanes (1984) review as quoted by Steers et al. (1996) supported the notion that employees who are disappointed with various aspects of their jobs are more likely to be absent. Studies by McShane (1984) found job satisfaction to be more highly related to frequency of absences than to number of days lost (St eers et al., 1996, p. 409). Rhodes and Steers (1990) propose that employee attendance is based on an employees motivation to attend as well as their capability to attend. According to George and Jones (2002), job satisfaction is one of the factors affecting an employees motivation to attend. It becomes important to calculate the strength of the relationship between absenteeism and job satisfaction as positive attitudes can at times serve to pull the individual towards the organisation and the reverse can be expected when attitudes are more negative (George Jones, 2002, p. 94). An employees ability to attend is influenced on the other hand by factors such as family responsibilities, transportation problems, accidents and etc. Once all these variables are recognized, managers may begin to understand why employees sometimes choose not to come to work when they are fully capable of attending. By the same token, it is equally important for managers to understand those circumstances in which people, for whatever reason (illness or otherwise), are genuinely unable to come to work (Rhodes Steers, 1990). Furthermore, the question most people would ask is what is an acceptable absenteeism rate? In terms of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act 75 (1997), an employee is entitled to 30 working days sick leave in a three-year period. Bydawell (2000) states that if all the employees within a company jointly take their full entitlement, the companys absenteeism rate will run at approximately 4 %, which is generally believed to be tolerable. Some companies permit employees to exceed their 30 days, but in these instances it would be regarded as unpaid leave. typically organisations do not take these additional days into account when calculating their absenteeism rate and it results in an mistaken estimation of the situation. Bydawell (2000) purports that in reality, many companies run at absenteeism rates as high as 12 % without even realising it. Absenteeism seems to be a behaviour that organisations can never get rid of, but they can rather control and manage it. George and Jones (2002) note that organisations should not have absence policies that are so restrictive that they literally force workers to come to work even if they are ill. Organisations may want to recognise that a certain level of absence is indeed functional. Before looking at the causes, outcomes and issues related to absenteeism i need to look at the definition of the following terms: Absenteeism Job satisfaction Absenteeism In terms of the discussion, the three terms absence, absenteeism and sickness absence will be used as synonymous in sense, implying that workers who were scheduled for work and expected to attend, did not turn up. Cascio (2003) defines absenteeism as any failure of an employee to report for or to remain at work as scheduled, regardless of the motive. Milkovich and Boudreau (1994) describe absenteeism from an organisations point of view as the frequency and/or duration of work time lost when employees do not come to work. Absenteeism therefore implies an unplanned, disruptive incident; but more distinctively, it can be seen as non-attendance when an employee is listed for work (Van der Merwe Miller, 1988). Job satisfaction Spector (1997) stated that job satisfaction merely as the extent to which people like their jobs and the different aspects of their jobs. Job satisfaction is also defined as a reaction towards different facets of ones job that is a person can be relatively satisfied with one aspect of his or her job and dissatisfied with other aspects (French, 1998; George Jones, 2002; Kreitner Kinicki, 2001). Robbins (1998) defines job satisfaction as a general approach towards ones job; the difference between the quantity workers receive and the amount they consider they should receive. http://www.jstor.org/pss/255965 (accessed at 13/04/2010) http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_init_6525_1175242441.pdf (accessed at 13/04/2010) www.CottrillsReward.com/motivation (accessed at 13/04/2010) Types of Absenteeism Absenteeism can be classified into three broad categories (Van der Merwe and Miller, 1998) as under; Sickness absence, Authorised absence or absence with permission and Unexcused absence or absence without leave. Sickness Absence Sickness absence is a category where employees claim health problem as their reason for absence. Requirements regarding medical or doctors certificates vary and are determined by company policy or the Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA). The Basic Conditions of Employment Act 75 (1997) is that a certificate needs to be produced after two days of sickness absence. Most managers have found that certification is not a guarantee of genuine absence as it has become easy for people to gain access to medical certificates. Authorised Absence / Absence with Permission Absence with permission is where workforce gives an justification for their absence whether that be for holidays, study leave, special leave etc. Usually such a request is included in the absence policy (Van der Merwe Miller, 1988). Unexcused Absence All absences that do not fall in above mentioned categories and where no valid reason is given or not accepted are known as unexcused absences (Van Der Merwe Miller, 1988). This type of absence, when it reaches difficult extent, will have to be pointed out to employees in question in command to fetch their attendance in line with satisfactory standards. Employees who come to work later in the day or who disappear earlier are in general not recorded on the leave records of employers and the manager is normally aware of such absences (Wolmarans, 1994). A MODEL OF ABSENTEEISM Aamodt (1996) maintains that before an organisation spends time and money trying to stop absenteeism, it must first be aware of the theories around why people dont turn up on work. different models have been developed to describe absence deeds, but the Integrated Model of Attendance developed by Rhodes and Steers (1990) provides a heuristic structure on the different factors influencing employee attendance (FIGURE1.). FIGURE1 Source : Absenteeism Model, Source: Rhodes Steers (1990, p. 46) FIGURE1 suggests that an employees attendance (Box 8) is primarily determined by two important variables: An employees motivation to attend (Box 6) An employees ability to attend (Box 7) The authors further suggest that the employees motivation to attend is influenced by two factors: Satisfaction with the job situation (Box 4) Pressures to attend (Box 5). In the context of this model, the job situation refers to the general working environment and not only the nature of the tasks. Rhodes and Steers (1990) list seven factors related to the job situation that could guide to increased job satisfaction namely (Box 1): job scope job level, role stress size of the work group style of the leader, co-worker relations and the opportunity for advancement. A few of these factors are explained briefly. If, for example, the particular management style is dictatorial and disliked by staff, it could cause friction and poor attendance might be the consequence (Rhodes Steers, 1990). In terms of co-worker relations, Johns (1996) argues that group norm have a strong impact on attendance levels. Du Plessis et al. (2003) found that a culture of absenteeism amongst one group of employees might influence work values and devotion of other employees. New employees seem to adopt the existing culture, values, norms and standards of the organisation which they join, i.e. they might be influenced by the present absenteeism norms in the organisation (Rosseau, 1985 as quoted by Du Plessis et al., 2003). Lau, Au and Ho (2003) found that industries with a high group absence rate also had higher levels of individual absences. Organisations are therefore faced with the challenge of managing absence behaviours within groups as it influences the behaviour of e mployees entering the organisation. Furthermore, the model suggested that employees values and expectations also have an influence on employee attendance (Box 2). Attitudes, values and goals differ considerably from person to person, depending on what is important for the individual at a particular point in time. Rhodes and Steers (1990) postulate that work related attitudes (for example, job involvement) can play a significant role in determining how employees view the psychological contract between employees and management, as well as how committed they are to coming to work. Further variables cited by these authors include personal work ethics and the centrality of work which refers to how important work is in a persons life goals. The decision by an employee to absent him/herself is thus related to the importance attached to work. Another factor influencing attendance is the personal characteristics and backgrounds of employees (Box 3). Tylczak (1990) terms this category employee specifics and includes things like gender roles, desire to spend time with friends and hobbies. As an example, older, more established employees might be more stable and might report fewer sick leave incidents than younger employees who do not mind risking their jobs due to absence. Closely related to this is the question of whether lifestyle choices influence absenteeism. According to Ericson (2001), lifestyle choices such as smoking, drinking and other substances could influence absenteeism. Common in organisations is the trend of employees taking sick leave either on a Friday or on a Monday due to alcohol and other substance abuse. Ericson (2001) maintains that the area of lifestyle choice is probably the hardest part of absenteeism management to address, as it blurs the lines between personal habits and the workplace. An organisation can offer counselling services to help resolve these personal problems in an attempt to reduce absenteeism levels. These plans are in general referred to as employee support programmes (EAPs) and is defined as a confidential counselling and referral service provided by organisations as an employee advantage (Strazewski, 2005). Finally, the model suggests that there are certain pressures to attend (Box 5) which have an influence on an employees motivation to attend and these include the economic/market conditions (like unemployment), incentive and reward systems, personal work ethic and organisational commitment. Hence, if unemployment levels are high, people might be less willing to take sick leave for fear of losing their jobs (Rhodes Steers, 1990). There are also factors that constrain an employees ability or capacity to attend (Box 7) Illness Family related and transport problems Individual personality traits Demographic variables also impact on absenteeism and includes like; Age Tenure (length of an employment) Marital status Number of dependents Gender Job level etc. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_init_6525_1175242441.pdf (accessed at 14/04/2010) Common Reasons behind Absenteeism Some of the common reasons behind absenteeism are as under; Serious accidents and illness Low morale Workload Employee discontent with the work environment Benefits which continue income during periods of illness or accident The existence of income protection plans (collective agreement ) Poor working conditions Boredom on the job Inadequate leadership and poor supervision Personal problems (financial, marital, substance abuse, child care etc.) Poor physical fitness The existence of income protection plans (collective agreement ) Transportation problems Stress http://superfriends13.tripod.com/causes_absent.htm (accessed at 14/04/2010) Absenteeism measurement Rhodes and Steers (1990) point out that measuring absenteeism can serve four purposes to organisations, namely, to administer payroll and benefit programmes, for production scheduling, to identify absenteeism problems and to measure and control personnel costs. Administering payroll and benefits programs According to Rhodes and Steers (1990), information about who is present and who is absent from work can assist organisations in determining whether absence is compensable under a benefit program or other contractual arrangements. Production scheduling Rhodes and Steers (1990) maintain that it is important to have absence data available as it can assist managers in planning for which human resources will be needed to meet production requirements. In this way, organisations will avoid the cost of overstaffing and also be protected from having too few employees at work. Identifying absenteeism problems To assess whether there is an absenteeism problem, it is important to measure absenteeism and have this data available. This could assist in determining if some departments have higher absence rates than others, how an organisation compares with others in the industry, whether there is a certain trend and so forth (Robinson, 2002). Measuring and controlling personnel costs Excessive absence can be costly to organisations. Anderson (2004, p. 26) notes that unexpected absence costs corporate America billions of dollars annually in direct costs. By measuring absence, the organisation could estimate the costs, thereby reducing its effect on the organisation. Moreover it can facilitate the determination of which proportion of absenteeism managers are able to control, in order to devise appropriate strategies to reduce absence in the workplace (Rhodes Steers, 1990). According to (Van der Merwe Miller, 1988) the two most widely used measures of absence are: The Gross Absence Rate (GAR), which measures the extent of absence Absence Frequency Rate (AFR), which measures the incidence of absence taking). The Gross Absence Rate (GAR) the formula for GAR is as follows: GAR = ÃŽ 100 The disadvantage of the GAR is that it gives an overall figure and can be distorted by long sick absences. Two or three employees who are on sick leave for a few weeks, could inflate the organisations GAR and could give an incorrect impression of a severe absence problem. Absence Frequency Rate (AFR) The AFR is used to overcome these disadvantages.The formula for calculating AFR is as follows: AFR = Van der Merwe and Miller (1988) note that when computing the AFR, each absence, irrespective of the length, is counted as one incident. The AFR is expressed as a ratio, and normally it is given per month, i.e. the absence incidents per person per month. These two measures provide a useful summary description of both the extent and frequency of absence in organisations. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_init_6525_1175242441.pdf (accessed at 16/04/2010) Cost related to absenteeism Absenteeism is costly and managers are continuously exploring ways to reduce the cost. Bydawell (2000) and Schumacher (2004) underlined the growing concern that employees who absent themselves and present doctors certificates, are in fact absent for non-health related matters. Some employees even use their sick leave as vacation days when they have shattered their annual leave benefits. This makes it very difficult for managers as some employees have an entitlement state of mind. Haswell (2003) maintains that it is unlikely that absenteeism can be completely eradicated in organisations hence, financial provision should be made for sick benefits. To determine whether absence is really a problem to be addressed, the organisation has to measure the costs of absence to the organisation. A number of studies have attempted to determine the financial implications of absenteeism. Chadwick-Jones (1982) as cited by Butler (1994, p. 26) estimated that one days absence by an employee costs the organisation one and a half times the daily rate of pay of that employee. Most companies probably use their own methods of determining the cost associated with absenteeism. However, according to Butler (1994), there are a few ways to estimate absenteeism costs. One of these is the aggregate approach that estimates the number of additional employees to be hired to offset the effects of absenteeism. The company thus hires casual labour or temporary employees to fill in for the absent employees, especially in positions that cannot be left vacant, for example, an organisations receptionist position. Goodman and Atkin (2000) as cited by Butler (1994, p. 26) indicate that the cost therefore of recruiting, selecting, training and paying these additional employees represents one way in which the costs of absenteeism can be estimated. Another approach estimates the incremental costs per day associated with the absent employee, for example, salary and pension that still have to be paid during the employees absence. According to Butler (1994, p. 26), if an employee is absent and a casual/temporary employee is hired, the task of management is to compare the costs that would have been involved if the absent employee had come to work, plus the additional costs of hiring a replacement employee. It is important then for organisations to have a proper system in place to determine the costs of absenteeism, so that it can be managed effectively. 5. Organizational Behaviour Theories and Absenteeism 5.1 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs f motivation is driven by the existence of unsatisfied needs, then it is worthwhile for a manager to understand which needs are the more important for individual employees. In this regard, Abraham Maslow developed a model in which basic, low-level needs such as physiological requirements and safety must be satisfied before higher-level needs such as self-fulfilment are pursued. In this hierarchical model, when a need is mostly satisfied it no longer motivates and the next higher need takes its place. Maslows hierarchy of needs is shown in the following diagram: Implications for Management Maslows theory holds, there are some important implications for management. There are opportunities to motivate employees through management style, job design, company events, and compensation packages, some examples of which follow: Physiological needs: Provide lunch breaks, rest breaks, and wages that are sufficient to purchase the essentials of life. Safety Needs: Provide a safe working environment, retirement benefits, and job security. Social Needs: Create a sense of community via team-based projects and social events. Esteem Needs: Recognize achievements to make employees feel appreciated and valued. Offer job titles that convey the importance of the position. Self-Actualization: Provide employees a challenge and the opportunity to reach their full career potential. 5.2 Herzbergs Motivation Hygiene Theory (Two Factor Theory) To better understand employee attitudes and motivation, Frederick Herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. He published his findings in the 1959 book The Motivation to Work. The studies included interviews in which employees where asked what pleased and displeased them about their work. Herzberg found that the factors causing job satisfaction (and presumably motivation) were different from that causing job dissatisfaction. He developed the motivation-hygiene theory to explain these results. He called the satisfiers motivators and the dissatisfiers hygiene factors, using the term hygiene in the sense that they are considered maintenance factors that are necessary to avoid dissatisfaction but that by themselves do not provide satisfaction. Details available at: http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/mcclelland/ (Accessed on April 24, 2010) Factors Affecting Job Attitude Leading to Satisfaction Leading to Dissatisfaction Achievement Recognition Work itself Responsibility Advancement Growth Company policy Supervision Relationship w/Boss Work conditions Salary Relationship Implication for Management Herzberg argued that job enrichment is required for intrinsic motivation, and that it is a continuous management process. According to Herzberg: The job should have sufficient challenge to utilize the full ability of the employee. Employees who demonstrate increasing levels of ability should be given increasing levels of responsibility. If a job cannot be designed to use an employees full abilities, then the firm should consider automating the task or replacing the employee with one who has a lower level of skill. If a person cannot be fully utilized, then there will be a motivation problem. Critics of Herzbergs theory argue that the two-factor result is observed because it is natural for people to take credit for satisfaction and to blame dissatisfaction on external factors. Furthermore, job satisfaction does not necessarily imply a high level of motivation or productivity. 5.3 McClelland Theory of Needs In his acquired-needs theory, David McClelland proposed that an individuals specific needs are acquired over time and are shaped by ones life experiences. Most of these needs can be classed as achievement, affiliation, or power. A persons motivation and effectiveness in certain job functions are influenced by these three needs. McClellands theory sometimes is referred to as the three need theory or as the learned needs theory. 5.3.1 Achievement People with a high need for achievement (nAch) seek to excel and thus tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations. Achievers avoid low-risk situations because the easily attained success is not a genuine achievement. In high-risk projects, achievers see the outcome as one of chance rather than ones own effort. High nAch individuals prefer work that has a moderate probability of success, ideally a 50% chance. Achievers need regular feedback in order to monitor the progress of their achievements. They prefer either to work alone or with other high achievers. 5.3.2 Affiliation Those with a high need for affiliation (nAff) need harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by other people. They tend to conform to the norms of their work group. High nAff individuals prefer work that provides significant personal interaction. They perform well in customer service and client interaction situations. 5.3.3 Power A persons need for power (nPow) can be one of two types personal and institutional. Those who need personal power want to direct others, and this need often is perceived as undesirable. Persons who need institutional power (also known as social power) want to organize the efforts of others to further the goals of the organization. Managers with a high need for institutional power tend to be more effective than those with a high need for personal power. Implications for Management People with different needs are motivated differently. High need for achievement High achievers should be given challenging projects with reachable goals. They should be provided frequent feedback. While money is not an important motivator, it is an effective form of feedback. High need for affiliation Employees with a high affiliation need perform best in a cooperative environment. High need for power Management should provide power seekers the opportunity to manage others. All organizational behaviour theories stress that if employees are satisfied than they will contribute as much as they can in the success of an organization. Organizations can use various methods in order to keep their worker happy and if staff is happy and like to come on work regularly it mean that there are less chances of absenteeism and it can save the huge cost associated with the absence of employees. So it is the responsibility of organizations to manage and make sure that they have adequate system that can bring their workforce normal to work. Details analysis on these approaches will be later on discussed in this article.

Leadership Definition Essay -- Definition Leader Leading Leadership Es

Leadership Definition There are lots of definitions and interpretations for the term LEADERSHIP. One is â€Å"A relationship through which one person influences the behaviour or actions of other people† (Mullins, L.J. 2002, Management and Organisational Behaviour, 6th Edition, FT Publishing, p904). Another popular definition would be, â€Å"the process of influencing an organization or groups within an organization in its efforts towards achieving a goal† (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2005, Exploring Corporate Strategy, 7th Edition, FT Prentice Hall, p.519) Leadership Theories on Behaviour To me, leaders are constantly surrounding us. People constantly need to be led and they seek out individuals around them who have personalities that stand out – the basic qualities of leadership, the Great Man Theory. This could be in terms of their appearance, knowledge, charisma, behaviour or style. For example, popular actors/actresses might not be great leaders but they influence the thoughts of people through advertisements through their appearance and charisma. Leadership is also a process where trust of people needs to be gained and established before followers are doing things willingly and without having to use pressure. Managers are different in this aspect, as they are given authority/power and trust factor might not be required to actively participate in management, subordinates might not be performing their tasks willingly. The above idea is adopted from the most recent leadership definition by Manfred Kets de Vries, he defines leadership style as the point of int eraction between the leader’s character, the follower’s character and the situation. (Manfred Kets de Vries, The Leadership Mystique, Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2001) To gain people’s trust, the first steps is to communicate, Warren Bennis observed the significance of rhetoric and eloquent, â€Å"Effective leaders put words to the formless longings and deeply felt needs of others. They create communities out of words.† (Bennis Warren, An Invented Life: Reflections on Leadership and Change, Reading, Mass, Addison-Wesly, 1993) The Traits theory, otherwise known as the Great Man theory, is the origination of leadership theories. This theory believes that there is a unique set of qualities for a leader, mainly: his intelligence and ability to judge, his knowledge power, self-confidence and dependabil... ...and Organisational Behaviour, 6th Edition, FT Publishing ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2005, Exploring Corporate Strategy, 7th Edition, FT Prentice Hall ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Manfred Kets de Vries, The Leadership Mystique, Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2001 ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bennis Warren, An Invented Life: Reflections on Leadership and Change, Reading, Mass, Addison-Wesly, 1993 ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steven F. Hayward, Churchill on Leadership, 1997, ICS Press ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blake and Mouton (1964) ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mcgregor’s X and Y theory (1987) ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leadership styles, 2002, Tony Kippenberger ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Human Resource Management, Derek Torrington, Laura Hall & Stephen Taylor, 5th Edition, 2002 ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitler’s Leadership Style by Dr Geoffrey Megargee http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwtwo/hitler_commander_01.shtml ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secrets of Leadership: Hitler and Churchill by Andrew Roberts http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwtwo/hitler_churchill_01.shtml ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adolf Hitler http://www.remember.org/guide/Facts.root.hitler.html ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitler as he believes himself to be http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/h/hitler-adolf/oss-papers/text/oss-profile-01.html Leadership Definition Essay -- Definition Leader Leading Leadership Es Leadership Definition There are lots of definitions and interpretations for the term LEADERSHIP. One is â€Å"A relationship through which one person influences the behaviour or actions of other people† (Mullins, L.J. 2002, Management and Organisational Behaviour, 6th Edition, FT Publishing, p904). Another popular definition would be, â€Å"the process of influencing an organization or groups within an organization in its efforts towards achieving a goal† (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2005, Exploring Corporate Strategy, 7th Edition, FT Prentice Hall, p.519) Leadership Theories on Behaviour To me, leaders are constantly surrounding us. People constantly need to be led and they seek out individuals around them who have personalities that stand out – the basic qualities of leadership, the Great Man Theory. This could be in terms of their appearance, knowledge, charisma, behaviour or style. For example, popular actors/actresses might not be great leaders but they influence the thoughts of people through advertisements through their appearance and charisma. Leadership is also a process where trust of people needs to be gained and established before followers are doing things willingly and without having to use pressure. Managers are different in this aspect, as they are given authority/power and trust factor might not be required to actively participate in management, subordinates might not be performing their tasks willingly. The above idea is adopted from the most recent leadership definition by Manfred Kets de Vries, he defines leadership style as the point of int eraction between the leader’s character, the follower’s character and the situation. (Manfred Kets de Vries, The Leadership Mystique, Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2001) To gain people’s trust, the first steps is to communicate, Warren Bennis observed the significance of rhetoric and eloquent, â€Å"Effective leaders put words to the formless longings and deeply felt needs of others. They create communities out of words.† (Bennis Warren, An Invented Life: Reflections on Leadership and Change, Reading, Mass, Addison-Wesly, 1993) The Traits theory, otherwise known as the Great Man theory, is the origination of leadership theories. This theory believes that there is a unique set of qualities for a leader, mainly: his intelligence and ability to judge, his knowledge power, self-confidence and dependabil... ...and Organisational Behaviour, 6th Edition, FT Publishing ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2005, Exploring Corporate Strategy, 7th Edition, FT Prentice Hall ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Manfred Kets de Vries, The Leadership Mystique, Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2001 ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bennis Warren, An Invented Life: Reflections on Leadership and Change, Reading, Mass, Addison-Wesly, 1993 ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steven F. Hayward, Churchill on Leadership, 1997, ICS Press ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blake and Mouton (1964) ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mcgregor’s X and Y theory (1987) ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leadership styles, 2002, Tony Kippenberger ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Human Resource Management, Derek Torrington, Laura Hall & Stephen Taylor, 5th Edition, 2002 ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitler’s Leadership Style by Dr Geoffrey Megargee http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwtwo/hitler_commander_01.shtml ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secrets of Leadership: Hitler and Churchill by Andrew Roberts http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwtwo/hitler_churchill_01.shtml ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adolf Hitler http://www.remember.org/guide/Facts.root.hitler.html ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitler as he believes himself to be http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/h/hitler-adolf/oss-papers/text/oss-profile-01.html

Optics :: essays research papers

Aim: To examine characteristics of a converging lens and the images they create. Also to examine the focal length and how the focus point may be found and developing rules for locating an image via ray drawings and the intersection of rays. Chromatic aberration will also be explored and why it happens. Theory: Both lenses and mirrors have a principle axis, yet a lens has two focal points as opposed to a mirror that has only one. When considering converging lenses, the primary focal point (PF) can be found on the opposite side of the lens in regards to the light. The secondary focal point (SF) being on the same side as the light source. Focus points on thin double convex lenses are located at either side of the lens, measured from the middle of the lens itself (see below). Chromatic aberration is a problem of converging lenses that will also be explored in this experiment. A description of each image produced will also be given (attitude, type, magnification and location). Apparatus: The main tools (apparatus) used in the experiment consist of a ray box containing cards which allow one, two, three or four rays onto a sheet of paper at a time so that rays path from the box to the mirror will be able to be traced. Also two (2) different types of converging lenses, one being cylindrical while the other being spherical, the difference being that the spherical one is used for viewing, the cylindrical one for use with the ray box. These lenses are one of many different sorts of lenses in the "lens box". The use of a ruler would also be helpful so that accurate measurements may be taken. Method: 1. A cylindrical lens was placed on paper and traced around, a principal axis was drawn making sure that it's at rights angles to the lens. The ray box was switched on (exposing only one ray) and lined up parallel to the principle axis, a mark where the ray leaves the box was made as well as where it hits the lens (on both sides) and where the ray bisects the principle axis. After this, the ray box was removed and using a ruler, rays were accurately drawn. The focus point (f) was measured to be of length 7.3cm (7.25). 2. The lens was replaced back on a sheet of paper with ray box emitting three rays, the middle ray lined up on the principle axis, marks were made where the ray's intersected at on the principle axis and this was measured to be the primary focus point.

Visual Effects Created By E.E. Cummings In His Poetry Essay -- Cumming

Visual Effects Created By E.E. Cummings In His Poetry Edward Estlin Cummings, commonly referred to as E. E. Cummings, was born on October 14, 1894 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was a source of vast knowledge and was responsible for many creative works other than his poetry, such as novels, plays, and paintings. He published his first book of poetry Tulips and Chimneys in 1923. Many of his poems are known for the visual effects they create through his unusual placement of words on the page, as well as, his lack of punctuation and capitalization. The manner in which Cummings arranges the words of his poems creates an image in the reader's mind of the topic he is discussing, such as a season or climbing stairs. His visual style also brings emotions, such as loneliness or cheerfulness, to the reader's mind. Due to this creativity, Cummings won many awards, such as the National Book Award and the Bollingen Prize in poetry (Marks 17). In his poem "l(a", the words are arranged in such a way that they are falling down the page. He only puts several letters of each word on a line and then continues to spell the word down the page. The main focus of the poem is about loneliness and the words almost appear to be "lonely." He uses parentheses around the phrase "a leaf falls," which appears in the middle of the poem. The remaining letters in the poem spell "loneliness." When these are placed together in the same poem, it creates an effect that there is a leaf falling from a tree to the ground where it will be lonely because it will be separated from the tree. Cummings emphasizes the image of being alone or aloof by using two versions of the word one. On the first line, he uses the letter "l," which also looks like the number "1." On ... ...number of visual effects in his poetry. He combined the lack of punctuation, capitalization, and creative spacing with his topics, such as the seasons, to convey his messages. Some readers find the visual effects in his poems disconcerting and feel that they are meaningless because of it. However, others find his visual effects helpful in gaining a deeper understanding of his poems and the messages he was trying to convey. Cummings' poems were definitely meant to be viewed rather than simply listened to so that the reader can benefit from the full effect of them. His poetry does not follow traditional rules and is very unpredictable. As a result, they leave more room for your imagination to soar. Works Cited: Cummings, E. E. Poems 1923 ‚ 1954. New York : Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1926. Marks, Barry A. E. E. Cummings. New York : Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1964.

Confessions of Faith

Vonetta Scott The Colonial Encounter in Africa Confession of Faith Cecil Rhodes was an English-born South African businessman. Rhodes enters politics in the Cape Colony for his health and wealth. What is confession of Faith of the colonial encounter that’s in Africa? â€Å"In Confessions of Faith,† the great imperialist and wealthy diamond mine owner Cecil Rhodes stresses his opinion of the importance of the English people. He tries to justify English imperialism and bringing the world under English influence by making several claims. He talks about, (what is a good chief in life? In Rhodes case by asking that question, Rhodes wants to do something useful for his country. He was controlling the diamond production. He had parlayed his territories Zambia and Zimbabwe. Rhodes argued about the way the English children are brought into this world, saying that the English people are limiting their children. Rhodes says that there should be more English children in his country so they can retain America. In addition, he states that the uncivilized part of the world should come under English rule so there would be an increase in the rate of employment and put a stop to all wars.He said the English race is the finest race in the world. He states that taking others territory is a way to help and increase more of their kind which would make the world a better place to live in. Rhodes thinks that this will make the Anglo-Saxon race never end. Rhodes also thinks that the more English people in the world along with less other race like the British and the Irish that again there would be end of wars. Rhodes wanted nothing more than to serve his country. He believes that the Anglo-Saxon should rule the world.Rhodes wants to render himself and his race to his country. He argues that the Anglo-Saxon race is superior to all other races in the world. Rhodes thinks that any other race should not exist. Humans being born that are not going to be raised in the Anglo-Sax on race are a waste to him. He wanted to make the British Empire a superpower in which all white countries in the empire would be represented in the British colony. Rhodes argues this because he thinks that the British will rule the world. Rhodes was upset about it because he said the British do not rule America.To summarize, the absorption of the greater portion of the world under the rule simply means the end of all wars. This objects one should work for are first, and furtherance of the British Empire. The bringing of the whole uncivilized world under British Empire leaves the recovereyof the United States, the making of the Anglo-Saxon race but for only one Empire. Rhodes feels that there needs to be more English race in America, so there can be no more wars. To let the Irish and the German stay in their own country because, he describes them as low class.He deplores the way they have failed to develop America into a fine country. Rhodes wants to keep America finer without the p rejudice. Rhodes made his point clear in this article and he goes into detail on what races do wrong. Rhodes thought that his race was better even though he did respect the Germans. Rhodes arguments support nationalism as well as imperialism by the way he speaks about each race. I don’t believe that there was or could be a competition to bring out the best in the races because, each race has a unique spirit and identity that can’t be duplicated by other races.

Brain control

The headspring controls each aspects of our comp unmatchablent parting, from the moment we were conceived until the last of our breath. Much of what we do is non a result of well(p) one go through and through or function of the judgement but a series of simultaneous outgrowthes that all work at the same time to be adequate to(p) to accomplish a task. In this feature scenario wherein an individual, exchangeable myself for example, is in the tenderness of a style and has a table and both different dingy clusters, red on the left hand(p) fieldover boldness and green on the right, is asked by another psyche to cut off up the ball placed on the left side with my left hand.After which the instructor, which is basis the table asks what color is the ball that I naged. In accomplishing the aforementioned tasks, my encephalon leave go through several processes that tycoon assurem insignifi digestt when looked at in real time due to the speedy and rapidly firing n eurons happening in an instant that we atomic number 18 not crimson awargon that these minute details be happening. I am in the middle of the room I enjoy where my personate is. Being aware of ones position alike requires that the brain gain where I am. The parietal lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for predilection and stool (Serendip).This part of the brain provide be able to arrange me that I am in the middle because one of its functions is to construct a spatial arrange system to represent the sweep where I am to be found. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain that is thought to control higher brain function like that of thought and action (Serendip). This information lead get at our brain through an ascending pathway. The afferent fibers get out travel through the posterior column, like other functions such as sterognosis, graphesthesia, among legion(predicate) others (University of Idaho).The stimulus testament travel through the spinal stack and lead sack up itself interpreted in the somatosensory pallium of the parietal lobe (University of Idaho). After interpretation, I giveing without delay know my position and where I am. In addition to that, I see where I am. Without seeing my surroundings, I whitethorn not be able to truly predict my spatial location, which is the middle of the room. I know that I am in the middle of the room because I see the room and I was able to direct that my position is in the middle of this huge box of a room.This stimulus, particularly the opthalmic one, wherein I was able to see the room and all of its contents, including the table in scarecrow of me with the two balls and another person tardily the table testament be perceive by the visual area of the brain, which is the occipital lobe (Serendip). I can see where the objects are because there are light rays creation reflected off them and these rays enter my eyes and pop off through my lens. The image that pass on be project ed through my lens will be an inverted version of what I see and this information will be sent to my retina (Montgomery).Inside the retina there are gat and cone cells that will produce signals to be relayed onto the optic punk and reach the side(prenominal) geniculate lens nucleus (Montgomery). The details of the objects and the person I see in trend of my will travel to selected areas of the pristine visual lens cortex and then to other areas of the cortex that would process the global aspects of the objects and the person in front of me like their shape, color, or effort (Montgomery). The person behind the table will ask me to pick up the left ball with my left hand. I will hear his instructions.The impermanent lobe of the cerebrum is the one to process the auditive stimuli that I receive as he said in his command. My ears will catch the sound and the auditory nerve will receive the stimuli and bring this to auditory nucleus of thalamus, which is the medial geniculate nu cleus (Washington University condition of Medicine). This will project to the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobes. After hearing and processing his command, I will now live on my left hand to pick up the left ball. I already know which ball I am to pick up with my left hand as I saw the balls and the table and I interpreted its position relative to mine earlier.Now all I have to do is prod my hands and pick it up. The primary go cortex found in the precentral gyrus, is the area of the cerebrum that will process this movement (Dubuc). initiatory off, I have already signaled my parietal and frontal lobes to alert my attentiveness in processing his command. Once I know that it is my left hand, which should pick the ball and not my right hand, I can tell my left hand to move already and this involves activation of the supplementary and pre drive cortical areas and the practise of these information from subcortical structures to the primary motor complex (Dubuc).A closer look at how this happens is through the passing of the stimulus to the corticospinal booklet. The corticospinal tract is responsible for stimulating motor neurons primed(p) in the spinal cord that are responsible for movement of the axial muscles of trunk in addition to the arms and legs (Dubuc). The askance pass system pathway is followed to produce this movement and the pathway involves passing through the fibers of the lateral corticospinal tract continuing onto the spinal cord before reaching the motor neurons (Dubuc). However, a unique process is occurring in the roast between the medulla and the spinal cord.Fibers plan of attack from the lateral corticospinal tract cross the midline before continuing their way onto the reverse side of the spinal cord, and is called decussation (Dubuc). The cerebellum as well as plays a role in movement. The lettered movement sequences are caudexd in the cerebellum, in addition to the coordination of movements and its fine-tuning, av oiding clumsy and large movements (Dubuc). This will help me know how to actually move my left hand and to avoid excess movements. As I am now moving my left hand to reach the left ball, I know from my long reminiscence what a ball is and what it looks like.I also know from entrepot which is left and which is right. The genus Hippocampus is the part of the brain that is known to store our long-run memory. After knowing what a ball is and which is left and which is right, these information will be transferred from our short-term memory to our long-term memory. Information that we need to summon up every time is considered to be categorize as a long-term memory such as names, dates, colorise, among many others. long memory is of three types and color is categorised under semantic memory, that contains facts which we do not need an effort to recall (Aetna, Inc. ).The science of memory happens when we learn the different colors and we learn to distinguish which is the left sid e from the right. Consolidation of this information will institute us remember the colors and directions more. and so when needed, we will be able to slow recall this information. Since I have already identified which is the ball on my left and I have been able to move my left arm now to pick up the left ball, I can answer what color the ball is. harmonise to the information given, the left ball is colored red. I know from my stored long-term memory and from what I see that the ball on the left side is red.Works Cited Aetna, Inc, Memory Loss. InteliHealth. 2004. InteliHealth. 22 Feb 2009 . Dubuc, Bruno. The Motor Cortex. The brain. 2001. Canadian Institute of Neurosciences, genial Health, and addiction. 22 Feb 2009 . Montgomery, Geoffrey. The Visual pathway. Howard Hughes checkup Institute. 2000. Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 22 Feb 2009 . Serendip, Brain Structures and their Functions. Brain and behavior. 2005. Serendip. 22 Feb 2009 . University of Idaho, Ascending Path ways. A self-study module to be used for Med Sci 532. 2004. University of Idaho. 22 Feb 2009 . Washington University civilize of Medicine, AUDITORY AND VESTIBULAR PATHWAYS. Neuroscience Tutorial. 1997. Washington University School of Medicine. 22 Feb 2009 .

Literary Analysis: The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay

Since its issuing in 1892, The yellow-bellied Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, has generated a vicissitude of interpretations. Originally viewed to be a ghost story, it has been regarded as gothic literature, science fiction, a statement on postpartum depression, having Victorian olden attitudes and a go into the depths of mental illness. More controversial, but curiously unnoted is the topic of the rest cure and whether Gilmans associations ar fact or fiction. Evidence supports Charlotte Gilman may constitute misrepresented the Weir Mitchell Rest Cure, and pokes more holes in The Yellow Wallpaper.The storys female character is woeful from temporary nervous depression a flimsy hysterical(1) tendency, and prescribed a rest cure. The intervention obligate absolute bed rest, forbade physical, mental or hearty activities and required total isolation from family and friends. Eventually the insufficiency of stimulation and complete solitude only added to the desolation , and pushed her to the verge of insanity.The Yellow Wallpaper was based on Gilmans personal experience with postpartum depression and treatment received by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, pioneer of the Rest Cure. The parallels in the midst of her experiences and those of the story are noticeable, as are implications of recently nineteenth-century patriarchal and medical attitudes toward women, during that time.As a fictive story, and nothing else, The Yellow Wallpaper depicts a postpartum woman driven to psychosis by an inept mendelevium who is also her husband. However, as a fictional autobiography, it is postulate as an indictment of the nineteenth-century medical profession and its patriarchal attitudes. After the 1973 reissue of The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilman directly criticizes Mitchells treatment, saying, the real purpose of the story was to reach Dr. S Weir Mitchell, and convince him of the error of his ways. She claimed his rest cure brought her hazardously near to losing her mi nd.Mitchells errors by many accounts, farther surpass his medical therapies alone. A tenacious male-chauvinist, by todays standards, he was vehemently oppose to women voting, and strongly against higher education. He felt it got in the way of being good wives and mothers, saying on that point had better be none of it. Womens finest nobleness agree to Mitchell, was to be homeful for others.

Introduction Speech Guideline

The solar solar solar twenty-four hour period I was infixed run-in For your en gauge saving you ordain commit a apprize terminology on the twenty-four hour period you were innate(p). This deliin truth is meant to be an ice yacht and is your sequence to enroll yourself to your blighter coursemates and me. Do some(prenominal)(prenominal) query and invite step to the fore a hardly a(prenominal) raise pieces active the day you were natural. If you whoremaster non germinate wind whateverthing you would want to implement on the film day, you whitethorn skip over divulge to the week, month, or class. ravish try to wedge inwardly the course though.Your talk should counseling on 2-4 particular topics much(prenominal) as a lattice event, a natural disaster, a musical group, a technological achievement, another(prenominal) spot in history, etcetera (keep in headway the clock limit). role the subr come popine library resources hindera nce on chalkboard to dish bring out you with your explore. Skills centralize certify susceptibility to do electric razor question and efficaciously pitch Ideas at an forward level. titular mental home to path concepts impart serve with incoming class lectures, and practice of these concepts pass on add up with next nominal actors linees. rank This savoir-faire is expense 25 panes.You whitethorn get ahead up to 15 points for the f veridical talking to and up to 10 points for your question kit and caboodleheet and works summonsd. Requirements 0 2 minute unwritten demo (e. G. implication fain from ac reckon card). DO not hologram your linguistic communication (write it out word-for-word). You be allowed a 30 wink cowcatcher on every break beyond that, in that respect is a 2 point loss. 0 hit the enquiry worksheet (attached) and delectation it as a address to do you. C whole caboodle Cited knave (Pick repast or PAP, save be consistent) this should scarce allow in the actual citations you usance In your public lecture. suck chalkboard infra Documents/Websites for change help.Q stripped of 3 sources of your natural selection am wont strike off, Walked does not count as a source. crystalize accredited you be checking the believability of your sources, as comfortably (we ordain acme this to a not bad(p)er extent in chapter 7). You may make handling of soul you reference as iodin of your sources. gratify note it is unendingly weighty to viva voce cite your sources passim your language enter chalkboard for press release (we forget cover this to a greater extent in chapter 7). 0 No to a greater extent(prenominal) than 3 dark-skinned EX. note cards (or equivalent). opthalmic aid atomic number 18 not essential for this talking to. You give pauperisation a sketch entree that leads into the 2-4 items that you chose to mark us close to, followed by a drawing conclusion.B e creative. present Is a try installation 0 I was natural In the rally of 1 974, April twenty-fourth to be exact. I manage my natal day with Barbara Strained, Cedi the Entertainer, nove hark litigate Grafton, and the Tampa embayment Buc green goddesseers. It was a year of Impeachments, atomic sc ars, and kidnapped millionaires. just on the perfervid dancing good afternoon I was innate(p), governmental tempestuousness was the prep be of the day. (category) order. gather the index finger of your text edition to take in more education on these organizational patterns. cast maculation you testament not stimulate a plow of magazine to go into great detail, charge a a couple of(prenominal) things that you derriere turn out on in your destination although briefly.Practice in move of a clock or timepiece to be truely you atomic number 18 oration for well-nigh 2 minutes. beguile look This is undecomposed an ice-breaker livery to get you into the spee ch origination mode. This is meant to chisel in you to what is pass judgment (in a more dressed-up manner) in rising speeches. nock sure to email me or guarantee me in soulfulness if you extradite any questions or hire any help. The acquire supporterance kernel let on in the University gist clxx is forthcoming to assist you. skilful circle and draw merriment with this speech notice interrogation Worksheet What day was I born(p)? Who strength I interview to commence out more about(predicate) the day I was born? 1 . 2.What are trey very particular proposition questions I would ask about the day I was born? 1 . 3. What resources office I use to find out selective information about the day I was born deviation from interviews? I take provided triad list one-third others that you use (or may use) in your enquiry efforts. 1 . Facts on bear down being watchword survive you tail end admission price this by means of hard program library online . 2. period snip you can entranceway this done hard depository library online or in person. 3. The new York times you can inlet with steely subroutine library online or in person. 4. 5. 6. What are ternion things that I comprise in my research that are elicit bountiful to adduce in my speech?

Vpn Reactor Guide

What armed service does VPN nuclear reactor provides? provides a serious mien of connecting through with(predicate) a reality cyberspace (such(prenominal) as the Internet) to a external engagement/location. This outdoor(a) profits is typic every last(predicate)y a offstage network, such as a oeuvre or blank space network, or peerless provided by a mercantile VPN service. No obscure packet to lay down and deeds on both platforms. VPNs features desolate easy-to-use App for Windows and mack whole kit and boodle on each platforms, Windows, macintosh OSX, iPhone, etcetera 256-Bit Encrypted association mingled with you and the lucre conglome proportionalityn concealment, no records of your net profit activities atomic number 18 kept US, UK, & atomic number 63 base VPN Servers oceanic Bandwidth No belt along caps exacting cast of attack let off What are VPN nuclear reactors uses? lucre security measures & Privacy memory gravel Your body of wor k remotely entre pickle restricted study spread repressing Networks draw CensorshipWhy umpteen communications protocols? some governments, ISP & networks halt access to original VPN protocols. The tract susceptibility of sevenfold protocols al starting times you to circulate those breaks.In instances where all VPN protocols are occlude or throttled. Our StealthVPN has the tycoon to go around these blocks by hiding itself deep down primary sack and e-mail traffic.** What is the end surrounded by the hobby VPN protocols? OpenVPN, PPTP, SSTP, L2TP/IPsec Types of Accounts VPN soap VPN professional person VPN primary VPN preservation each(prenominal) VPN plans accommodate Turbo Downloads low exploiter/ horde ratio 24/7 innumerable connections & bandwidth pension documentation 7 solar day exculpate test with paypal 1 spear VPNreactor. om email palm emailprotected com U. S. A. establish VPN Servers Types of Protocols PPTP VPN protocol utilize for the surrender VPN accounts OpenVPN L2TP/IPsec StealthVPN has the ability to bypass these blocks by hiding itself inwardly prefatory net and email traffic.VPNReactor provided twisting this take of security. wrinkle just about ISPs in the undermentioned countries block PPTP China, Oman, Dubai, UAE, and Belize. If your ISP blocks PPTP, ingest a plan with OpenVPN and/or StealthVPN