Red Azalea essays

Red Azalea papers The motivation behind this paper is to present, talk about, and examine the book Red Azalea: Life and Love in China, by Anchee Min. In particular, it will depict life in Communist China during the Cultural Revolution (late 1960s) for a young lady, and remark on the level of freedom decision delighted in by ladies in the book. The ladies living in China during the Cultural Revolution didn't appreciate freedom or decision they lived in dread and under consistent examination of the Communist Party. Anchee Min's book Red Azalea is a contacting story of a little youngster growing up under Communist principle in China. She had a troublesome life, and despite the fact that ladies partook in the Cultural Revolution and were a significant piece of it, ladies and all Chinese were not autonomous or free during this time, they lived under the attentive gaze of the Communist Party. A large portion of what they did was not willingly, yet picked for them by the Party. Min says she was an adult by the age of five, and she surely had no way out about it was anticipated from all the kids, as she composes here: I was a grown-up since the age of five. That was the same old thing (Min 4). She needs to go about as a grown-up in light of the fact that her folks, and everybody's folks, were occupied with working for the Revolution, and they had no way out either, on the grounds that they would have been sent away, or even executed on the off chance that they didn't bolster the Communist Party and t heir Revolution. It is extremely certain that Min and her family didn't appreciate the opportunity and autonomy we appreciate here in America. At a certain point in the book, she is compelled to take a stand in opposition to her preferred instructor, Autumn Leaves, by the Party, and she does it since she is so scared of them. I didn't have the foggiest idea why I was crying. I heard myself requiring my folks as I took the mouthpiece. I said Mama, Papa, where right? The group waved their irate clench hands at me and yelled, Down! Down! I was so sca ... <!

Urban Safari Essays - Christian Music, Christmas Music,

Urban Safari Urban Safari There are times while having a sibling with twenty additional years old, experience, and knowledge, can antagonistically impact your believability. This is particularly evident at nine years of age. I saw this as the case one Christmas day numerous years prior when my sibling Tom got back home for these special seasons. It seemed, by all accounts, to be the beginning of a unique Christmas, for my sibling was dropping by. I was considerably more energized than expected for a nine-year-old kid during this season. I considered what new presents would be under the tree? Before, Tom consistently got me such perfect stuff. I could barely hold on to begin shaking the endowments and speculating. Not surprisingly, I was up before first light, attacking my blessings with all the enthusiasm with which the suffocating hold onto life preservers. My people, alongside my sibling, had now gone along with me in the blessing opening function. Holding back something special for later was not feasible; it was the blessing from my sibling that I attacked first. My fantasies had worked out as expected. My supplications were replied. There it was, greater and shinier than anything in the presentation instance of any Western Auto store on the planet. It was a B weapon. At last, I had entered the positions of the enormous children. The renown of such a blessing! I foreseen the magnificence of shooting my first fowl. This was genuinely a present for a twelve years of age, perhaps a youngster. While delighting in my glory, I hadn't saw that my Mother was viewing with evident objection. Obviously she had different designs for the B firearm. You can't shoot that thing in the yard! she woofed. You'll need to go to the riverbed. With those words, I was told to leave the B firearm under the tree with the less alluring presents. You can open your different blessings now. Tom will watch you while we go visit Auntie Mabel, and remember, disregard the B weapon, Mom requested. No sooner than they were out the entryway my sibling got the firearm and headed towards the back yard. Wherere you going? I inquired. To test your firearm out before Mom and Dad get back was his answer. I thought this was an amazing thought. Our back yard was brimming with potential targets. My sibling's first decision was two instances of void artisan bumps my Mom utilized for canning organic product. Some way or another this didn't appear the proper activity, yet most likely Tom would know directly from wrong. He piled up every one of the twenty-four containers and shot them into a lethal heap of broken glass and container tops. I had needed a turn with the firearm, however he stated, I need to locate it in first. With the containers destroyed, Tom chose to locate a couple of new targets. First was the neighbors' climate vane: an aluminum chicken high on their stable. As each shot associated with its planned objective, paint chipped off the chicken. This looks like fun. Would i be able to have a turn yet? I inquired. His answer was a resolute No! After this objective was depleted, he proceeded onward to the neighbor's yard lights. What a decent shot he was, as the different outside lights of every one of the three encompassing houses burst individually. I was on edge for my turn, yet now Tom was targeting the windows of a close by work shed. I was unable to accept my eyes, as he shot out four window sheets with back to back quick discharge shots. When will it be my turn? I cried, going to wet my jeans with expectation. You can't fire the firearm in the yard, he snapped. You'll need to go to the riverbed. With that stunning proclamation Tom walked into the house and hurled the firearm back under the Christmas tree. Obviously I was incensed for not getting the opportunity to fire my own weapon, particularly with such great targets. It was past the point of no return, however, for at this point my folks had get back. Nothing was said about the objective practice that went on in their nonattendance, however I was certain they would discover soon. I was additionally certain my sibling would be a distant memory before all the harms were

Things that make you go hmmmm.

Things that make you go hmmmm…. Hey Mr. McArthur (I am him!) Tell me where have you been (Hangin’ out with TIM!) They’ve been asking…. (Who’s been asking ‘bout me?) They’ve been searchin’…. They’ve been wondering why….(In case you’re wonderin’) Happy Holidays blogosphere. Some of you may be wondering where I have been for the past few months. Well, I’ve been in Cambridge, same place that I used to be. I have been trying to help TIM the Beaver get an internship in Iceland for the summer (unpaid internship, of course). I bumped into him at a book fair in November and he told me that he was deeply concerned about the financial state of Iceland and wanted to lend his expertise to the challenge. TIM has been taking some courses at Sloan and is looking to embody the MIT motto ‘mens et manus’. Nevertheless, we have been spending quite a bit of time together assembling applications and preparing for interviews. We finished the application process and are now waiting for responses. See? On Christmas morning, I sat down at my kitchen table with a hot cup of tea and opened my hometown newspaper ‘The Star Ledger’ to casually peruse the headlines and get a sense of what was going on in the Garden State. I had just finished an article bemoaning the loss of the VHS tape (do any of you remember VCRs?) when I happened to come across a fascinating article that characterized the President-Elect, Barack Obama, as a geek! Since MIT is the epicenter of Nerd Pride, I thought that we should weigh in on this conversation. So what do you think? Is our President-Elect Obama a geek, nerd, or none of the above? Obama to Boldly Go Where No Geek Has Gone Before/h2 12/24/2008, 10:48 a.m. ET By SETH BORENSTEIN The Associated Press WASHINGTON (AP) â€" Get ready for the geek-in-chief. President-elect Barack Obama used to collect comic books, cant part with his BlackBerry, and once flashed Leonard Mr. Spock Nimoy the Vulcan Live Long and Prosper sign. That and other evidence has convinced some of Obamas nerdier fans that hell be the first American president to show distinct signs of geekiness. And thats got them as excited as a Tribble around a Klingon. Obama is good at repressing his inner geek, but you can tell its there, especially when he goes into nuanced explanations of technical matters, said Benjamin Nugent, author of the book American Nerd: The Story of My People. One imagines a terrifying rally of Star Trek people shouting, One of us!' Nugent said, in an interview conducted by e-mail, of course. Others see only some geek qualities, qualifying the president-elect as merely nerd-adjacent. After all, hes an athlete and kind of cool, some experts demur. Still, theres enough there for geeks to celebrate. Psychology professor Larry Welkowitz of Keene State College in New Hampshire hopefully speculated that theres a shift in whats cool and that smart can be in. Maybe that started with the computer programmers of the 90s. The Bill Gateses of the world are OK. The Obama transition team would not comment on the president-elects geek qualities, even when it was suggested those could be positive. And his old college friends give the geek idea a split vote. While Margot Mifflin, now a journalism professor in New York, said she saw no geeky signs in Obama as a freshman at Occidental College in California, Amiekoleh Kimbrew Usafi recalled it differently, despite the lack of technology back in 1979. Hes a geek because he was smart, Usafi said, noting that Occidental was a geeky school to start with, billing itself as the Yale of the West. I remember he would be hitting his books. I would see him in the library. There were a lot of girls that liked him because he was cute, but he kept his head in the direction he was going in. I would see him studying all the time. Wired magazine first crowed about Obama the geek, complete with five reasons in its GeekDad blog. A lot depends on definition of geek, which to Wired is more a compliment than insult. GeekDad contributor Matt Blum, a software engineer in Reston, Va., defines geeks as having high intellects, embracing technology, getting excited about things in the future especially, particularly fiction, having a science viewpoint and being steeped in the geek culture of science fiction and fantasy. Geeks know and use references from Star Trek, Dungeons and Dragons and comic books. And, he added, they are nit-picky, unafraid to correct mixed science fiction metaphors, such as confusing Star Treks Andorians with Star Wars Iridonians. So a quick geek cultural check for Obama: _Technology. Click that icon. Hes the candidate who tried to announce his vice presidential pick by text message and embraced Facebook as a campaign tool. Hes seldom seen without a BlackBerry and talks of a chief technology officer for the nation. _Comic books. As a youngster, Obama collected Spider-Man and Conan the Barbarian comic books. His Senate Web site used to have a photo of him posing in front of a Superman statue, and in October at New Yorks Alfred Smith dinner he joked: I was actually born on Krypton and sent here by my father Jor-El to save the planet Earth. Jor-El was the father of Superman, born on the planet Krypton. _Star Trek, the long-running TV show. According to the actor Leonard Nimoy, who played Mr. Spock in the series, Obama flashed him the split four-fingered Vulcan salute when the two crossed paths last year. In May in Des Moines, Newsweek caught Obama teasing wife Michelle about her belt buckle, saying it was studded with Star Trek-powering dilithium crystals and adding, Beam me up, Scotty! As he laughed at his own joke, Michelle Obama rolled her eyes, as geek wives often do. Yes, geeks have wives. Thats one of the things that separates them from nerds and dorks. A geek is someone who has the knowledge of the geeky type stuff and has social graces, Blum said. A nerd is someone who has the knowledge but not the social graces and a dork is someone who has neither. By that definition Obama is a geek, not a nerd or dork, Blum said. Nerds are the type who live in their parents basements until theyre 45, whereas geeks are more normal, he said. Im a geek because Im a dad, Blum said. I managed to find a woman who wished to marry me and have children with me. Blum said Obama qualifies as the first geek-in-chief because George W. Bush was too much a cheerleader and Bill Clinton too wonky and not technological enough. The other presidents came of age before geek culture did, so dont qualify. But dont discount John Quincy Adams as a geeky guy who steeped himself in government as a teenager, contends author Nugent (who just by adding that historical reference reinforces his geek expertise). In some ways, though, experts say Obama is just too cool, too athletic, too normal to wear the geek cape. Obama did use drugs and was a high school athlete, missing out on two prime nerd qualities, Nugent said. Dan Sarewitz, a professor of science and society at Arizona State University, said calling Obama a geek is unfair both to the president-elect and geeks. Hes too cool to be a geek; hes a decent basketball player; he knows how to dance; he dresses well, Sarewitz said. Its too high a standard for geeks to possibly live up to. All the nerds at home can at least try, though, courtesy of a heavily muscled beach blanket Obama action figure for $29.95. So is Obama a geek? In the words of Alan Leshner, president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, which had two past leaders appointed by Obama to high posts: I hope so. ___

In August 1945, a uranium-type atomic bomb was dropped by...

In August 1945, a uranium-type atomic bomb was dropped by the United States on Hiroshima, Japan, during the final stages of World War II. The following months after the bomb was dropped, many people were killed by burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries. These effects lasted about 4-6 months. Around 90,000 to 166,000 people died either instantaneous or the lasting effects. On August 15th, just days after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan announced their surrender to the Allies. Hiroshima and Nagasaki remain the only two cities atomic bombed during wartime. On August 6th, 1945, on a clear, sunny day, there was a single American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, piloted by 29 year-old air-force colonel named Paul W. Tibbets,†¦show more content†¦A fission type atomic bomb, the kind dropped on Hiroshima, released as much energy as around 20,000 tons of TNT. In fission weapons, a mass of fissile material, enriched uranium, is assembled into a supercritical mass. All fission reactions necessarily generate fission products, the radioactive remains of the atomic nuclei split by the fission reactions. Many fission products are either highly radioactive, but short-lived, or moderately radioactive, but long-lived, and a serious form of radioactive contamination if not fully contained. Fission products are the principal radioactive component of nuclear fallout. So in summary, a big flash, big boom, lots of energy is released, and you die either instantly or slowly from radiation sickness or burns. The bomb also was not chiefly American created. Americans alone did not decide to build the bomb. It was not just a decision of American-policymakers to punish the Japanese, no. It was something much bigger; it was years of work and science experimentation. The science that enabled the bomb was conducted internationally with Hungarian, British, and German scientists and mathematicians. Even after the world’s leading scientists, mathematicians, physic ists and chemists had gathered in a top-secret Manhattan Project, other scientists combined their talents into the project as well, from their home countries. Otto Hahn, one of the contributingShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The Atomic Bomb1262 Words   |  6 PagesJ. Robert Oppenheimer (1904 - 1967) A Nuclear Physicist, was responsible for the invention of the Atomic Bomb. Robert Oppenheimer was born on April 22, 1904 into a wealthy jewish family in New York. In the 1930’s Oppenheimer became drawn into left-wing politics. 8:15 on the morning of August 6, 1945 during the end of World War II the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bomb was equivalent to twenty thousand tons of TNT. The two bombings resultedRead MoreTaking a Look at Dropping the H-Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki921 Words   |  4 Pagesbackground Before the bombing of Hiroshima, the United States of America had already mad plans to invade Japan with several operations in the process. While the war in Europe ended on May 8,1945 when Nazi-Germany signed the Instrument of surrender, the Pacific war continued. For many months, the U.S. had dropped as many as 63 million leaflets, intending to warn civilians of an air raid. USA called for surrender from the Japanese armed forces on July 26, 1945 with threats of prompt and utter destructionRead MoreNuclear Weapons And The World War II1145 Words   |  5 Pagesweapons for combat. Countries such as the United States, USSR, and Britain also sought to create effective nuclear weapons. Subsequently, the major application of nuclear weapons emerged when the US dropped two atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Whereas President Truman mainly sought to protect Americans from further deaths by launching atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the USSR posed a different question. Did Truman consciously drop the bombs to intimidate the USSR? Therefore, theRead MoreThe Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1593 Words   |  7 Pages Bombing of Hiroshima On August 8th 1945 the first atomic weapon, a fission bomb, was dropped on the city of Hiroshima in an attempt to force the Japanese to surrender in World War II (Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 2009). This event exposed the danger of nuclear energy. This massive explosion demolished 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people. This was only the beginning though, tens of thousands of innocent people died due to the aftermath of radiation exposure for anotherRead MoreThe Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1474 Words   |  6 PagesNuclear Paper: The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki World War Two is arguably the most famous war in world history. It is remembered as a very tragic and influential historical event across the globe. Many countries joined the war at different times, but the general start date has been narrowed to the period of time between 1931 and 1939. The war was primarily between two main powers; the Axis nations, consisting of Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan, and the Allied nations, led by Britain and CommonwealthRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Was Built During Ww21066 Words   |  5 PagesThe atomic bomb was built during ww2 and was a major factor in winning the war against the japanese. Germany began to develop the atomic bomb and roosevelt caught wind of this and he put a group of scientist together to develop the atomic bomb before the germans developed it. Einstein found proof that the germans were going to use uranium to build the atomic bomb â€Å"I understand that Germany has actually stopped the sale of uranium from the Czechoslova kian mines, which she has taken over†(Einstein)Read More The Manhattan Project Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesThe Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was the code name of the America’s attempt to construct an atomic bomb during World War II. It was named after the Manhattan Engineer District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, because a lot of it’s earlier research was done in New York City. An atomic bomb is a weapon that uses the energy from a nuclear reaction called Fission for its destruction. The idea that mass could be changed into energy was predicted by Albert Einstein in the earlier partRead MoreThe Bombing Of Hiroshima And The United States1111 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Pacific had reached its pinnacle point in 1945 with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The world was terrified of both dominant nations at war against each other, the United States and the Japanese were at battle. In the 1943 a new era was just being discovered, Albert Einstein had revealed an unordinary way of destroying things. Something so dominate that cities would be demolished into pieces of ruins. Einstein communicated with the United States President Truman of this new brilliant ideaRead MoreHiroshima, By John Hersey1021 Words   |  5 PagesOn August 6, 1945, the tragedy struck Hiroshima, Japan. At exactly 8:15 a.m. an atomic bomb had been dropped and ruined the lives of millions. In a book called, â€Å"Hiroshima†, written by John Hersey. Mr. Hersey was born on June 17, 1914 in Ti entsin, China. He was a prize-winning journalist and writer. Keep in mind one of the earliest practitioners of the New Journalism, in which storytelling methods of fiction are immuned to realist reportage. He won three awards, The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Anisfield-WolfRead More The Manhattan Project Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesThe Atomic Bomb The research for the first Atomic bomb took place in the United States, by a group of nuclear engineers; the name of this research was called, â€Å"The Manhattan Project†. On July 16, 1945, the detonation of the first atomic bomb was tested near Los Alamos, New Mexico. As the atomic bomb was detonated, it sent shock-waves across the globe, which demonstrated that nuclear power would forever change the meaning of war. To create a nuclear bomb, nuclear fission must occur. The process

Getting the Best Toefl Essay Writing Topics

Getting the Best Toefl Essay Writing Topics The Hidden Gem of Toefl Essay Writing Topics Knowing the most frequent IELTS essay topics lets you center on the most essential vocabulary. The capability to write down what you're thinking is not merely essential for TOEFL, but in addition for your academic and professional career. There are two primary means by which you can use the most frequent IELTS essay topics to your benefit. Writing about a different topic is a simple means to receive a very low score. On the true TOEFL, you will have the reading passage for reference as you write, so it'll be displayed again here. One of the most frequent varieties of essays you must write at university in addition to on the IELTS or TOEFL is a. The following two sections will explain the format and requirements of every one of the writing tasks together with how they'll be scored. Therefore, among the lowest scores students may receive is for missing the topic. All you will need is to specify your demands and earn a payment. Because of many risks, you're very likely to face when you order and pay for essay on the internet, you have to be careful when selecting the service to trust. What you have to do is to fill out the purchase form, make a payment, and in a few minutes, you'll get your private essay helper. Then your helper will begin to compose an assignment for you. Vital Pieces of Toefl Essay Writing Topics A number of the essay topics below may appear to contain subjects that don't have anything in common. It must be typed, so test-takers should be familiar with a computer keyboard. An academic essay always must be relevant. Always remember your academic essay needs to be playful it must not bore your audience. When you compose the essay by yourself, you still have to visit the library to research on your favorite topic to discuss, etc.. Study the topic question to find out what you are going to be writing about. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you must clearly show your analytical skills. The multiple topics could possibly be found, for instance, in the dissertation abstracts international database. Here's What I Know About Toefl Essay Writing Topics Each section should have a minumum of one separate paragraph. Each paragraph starts with a new significant point that's then explained. You don't require an introductory paragraph, but you need to definitely compose a thesis statement. You ought to give reasons that support your choice. There are difference contexts that could be used within the identical subject so that you must make certain that you will be clear in regards to identifying the section of the topic that you're going to speak about. Your response ought to be 150-225 words. Normally, an effective response is going to be 150 to 225 words. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Toefl Essay Writing Topics Is Wrong You won't be required to get any former knowledge on a topic. You will obviously be unable to predict the specific topic that will come up. The topic is going to be a comprehensive surprise. In our website the topics are grouped based on their type. Folks should sometimes do things they do not delight in doing. Other people believe that it is always preferable to have a teacher. Using Toefl Essay Writing Topics A lot of people who wish to attend colleges in the USA take the TOEFL. Students are different in regards to their preferences about subjects. Food is now simpler to prepare. Nowadays, it has become easier to prepare. With the aid of technology, life is easier today than previously. If people succeed, it is due to hard work. Most folks work with or will probably work with several different kinds of people. Why do they go to college.

American Isolationism Before the End of World War I Free Essays

Before the end of World War I, the United States at first was very un-isolationistic. Before the war, America was a very expansionist nation. It had taken up military occupation in Cuba in 1906, taken the Philippines, taken hold of the country of Panama, and begun relations with Japan and China. We will write a custom essay sample on American Isolationism Before the End of World War I or any similar topic only for you Order Now But when World War I suddenly occurred, it was an unprecedented war. Never before had America seen such a large war that involved so many countries. The devastation that resulted from the war dispirited many Americans, and the problem of foreign nations not properly paying back U. S. ar debts created some resentment among the American people as they felt they might have been cheated. Isolationism, it seemed at the time, was the best way to avoid foreign entanglements that might lead to another war that might have more disastrous effects. The first step to carrying out this new isolationistic policy was for America to put a stop to the overwhelming foreign influence on the nation. The first law that reflected this attitude was the Emergency Quota Act of 1921. It limited the immigration of European foreigners to America to 3 percent of the people of their nationality who had been living in the United States in 1910. Then three years later came the Immigration Act of 1924, which cut the quota for foreigners from 3 percent to 2 percent and shifted the national-origins base from the census of 1910 to that of 1890. This virtually stopped immigration to the United States in order to cut down on foreign influence. With immigration almost nonexistent, the United States sought to separate itself from foreign nations and their entanglements. To accomplish this, America did not join the League of Nations and refused to fully accept the Treaty of Versailles. Tariffs were yet another tool in isolating America from foreign countries. The trend of higher tariffs continued, making in incredibly difficult for any European products to enter the American market. America was determined to stay peaceful no matter what. Partly due to the blame of World War Ion arms manufacturers and bankers, the United States passed a series of Neutrality Acts in the 1935, 1936, and 1937 forbidding the sale or transportation of munitions to belligerent nations, the sailing on a belligerent nation’s ship, or the making of loans to a belligerent ation. These acts were meant to act as further protection to keep America out of a conflict like World War I. Isolationism in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s was adopted primarily because fear of another war like that of World War I ran rampant. In the American people’s eyes, putting an end to foreign influence would put an end to foreign entanglements in war. Little did America know at that time, however, that this isolationism only allowed aggressors to commence the beginning of World War II. How to cite American Isolationism Before the End of World War I, Essays

Water for Elephants Book Club Discussion Questions

'Water for Elephants' Book Club Discussion Questions Water for Elephants by Sara Gruen is a must read a story about a 90-year-old man remembering his days with a circus during The Great Depression. Use these book club discussion questions on Water for Elephants to lead your book clubs conversation on the story.Spoiler Warning: These book club discussion questions reveal important details about Water for Elephants by Sara Gruen. Finish the book before reading on. Book Club Questions Water for Elephants moves between a story about a circus and a story about an old man in a nursing home. How do the chapters about the older Jacob enrich the story about Jacob’s adventure with the circus? How would the novel be different if Gruen had only written about the younger Jacob, keeping the story linear and never describing Jacob’s life as an old man?Did the chapters about the nursing home change how you think about older people? In what ways are the doctors and nurses condescending? How is Rosemary different? How do you treat older people?In chapter two, the twenty-three-year-old Jacob starts his story by telling us he is a virgin. From the cooch tent to the erections the older Jacob gets when being bathed, sexuality is woven into the whole story. Why do you think Gruen added these details? What role does sexuality play in Water for Elephants?When you first read the Prologue, who did you think murdered the man? Were you surprised by who the actual murderer was ?The book begins with a quote from Horton Hatches the Egg by Dr. Seuss: â€Å"I meant what I said, and I said what I meant†¦An elephant’s faithful- one hundred percent!† What is the role of faithfulness and loyalty in Water for Elephants? How do different characters define loyalty? (Jacob, Walter, Uncle Al). Why does Jacob get so mad about Mr. McGuinity lying about carrying water for elephants? Do you see any similarities of temperament between the young Jacob and the old Jacob?In what ways is Water for Elephants a survival story? A love story? An adventure?Water for Elephants has a happy ending for Jacob, but not for many other characters. Discuss Walter and Camel’s fates. How does tragedy fit into the story?There is an â€Å"us and them† mentality in the circus between performers and workers. How does Jacob bridge these two classes of people? Why does each group hate another group? Does the circus merely mirror society in an exaggerated way?Are you satisfied with the end?In the Author’s Note, Gruen writes that many of the details in the story are factual or come from circus workers’ anecdotes. These true stories include the hippo pickled in formaldehyde, the deceased fat lady being paraded through town and an elephant who repeatedly pulled out her stake and stole lemonade. Gruen did extensive research before writing Water for Elephants. Was her story believable? Rate Water for Elephants on a scale of 1 to 5.

Free Essays on Ways Of Reading

â€Å"Introduction: Ways of Reading† After reading the introduction of â€Å"Ways of Reading† for the first time, an immediate sense of confusion struck. Thus, when contemplating the passage and reading it for a second time, the fog became clear. The introduction to the book â€Å"Ways of Reading† is unique in comparison to others. There is a great deal of detailed reference to the text. The introduction although difficult was enjoyable to some extent. It was broken into nine separate sections, each educating the reader on assignments to follow. The writing was fairly basic, thus the elaborate reference to types of reading was often challenging to understand. For example in the first section the author is explaining the difficulty of reading by stating â€Å"one of the difficult things about reading is that the pages before you will begin to speak only when the authors are silent and you begin to speak in their place, sometimes for them-doing their work, continuing their projects, and sometimes for yourself, following your agenda† (pg. 1). This statement is confusing to a reader. After reading over a few times it is still tough to understand. As you read further into the introduction the more the author makes note of essays from the book. This was another area of difficulty, considering the essays in the book are foreign to the average reader. The essays are used to help further the authors point. Reading things more than once strengthens your understanding of what is being said. This introduction was challenging at first because of the strong views on reading and the comparisons to essays located in the book, thus after reading it a second time, the author’s views became clearer. The introduction actually encourages you to read things more than once not just because of â€Å"misunderstandings† but also because when reading long passages it is hard to absorb so much information at once and by reading... Free Essays on Ways Of Reading Free Essays on Ways Of Reading â€Å"Introduction: Ways of Reading† After reading the introduction of â€Å"Ways of Reading† for the first time, an immediate sense of confusion struck. Thus, when contemplating the passage and reading it for a second time, the fog became clear. The introduction to the book â€Å"Ways of Reading† is unique in comparison to others. There is a great deal of detailed reference to the text. The introduction although difficult was enjoyable to some extent. It was broken into nine separate sections, each educating the reader on assignments to follow. The writing was fairly basic, thus the elaborate reference to types of reading was often challenging to understand. For example in the first section the author is explaining the difficulty of reading by stating â€Å"one of the difficult things about reading is that the pages before you will begin to speak only when the authors are silent and you begin to speak in their place, sometimes for them-doing their work, continuing their projects, and sometimes for yourself, following your agenda† (pg. 1). This statement is confusing to a reader. After reading over a few times it is still tough to understand. As you read further into the introduction the more the author makes note of essays from the book. This was another area of difficulty, considering the essays in the book are foreign to the average reader. The essays are used to help further the authors point. Reading things more than once strengthens your understanding of what is being said. This introduction was challenging at first because of the strong views on reading and the comparisons to essays located in the book, thus after reading it a second time, the author’s views became clearer. The introduction actually encourages you to read things more than once not just because of â€Å"misunderstandings† but also because when reading long passages it is hard to absorb so much information at once and by reading...

How to Take Advantage of Opportunities and Get Hired

How to Take Advantage of Opportunities and Get Hired Perhaps, you are one of the millions that is currently looking for new job opportunities. The average job hunter is completely unaware of the best way to take advantage of opportunities that are currently available to them. The fact is that most successful job seekers learn to identify those opportunities, once they are presented to them. Here is more on how to take advantage of those job opportunities that pop up. PreparationOne key to job hunting success is to make sure that you are prepared for the opportunity. Take for instance a warehouse worker who has been unemployed for several months. Potential employers would probably like to view a fully updated resume. Take advantage of job opportunities with a prepared resume that identifies your key skills and experience. You can take a look at a  sample resume of warehouse worker. Observe several resumes and notice the construction. Design your resume to attract more job opportunities, using samples as a guideline. The next time that a job opportunity is presented, be prepared with an up to date resume.Job CounsellingTake advantage of sources in your community that provide job counselling to the unemployed. The good news is that many of the job counselling services are free. Seek out services at local community colleges, universities, unemployment offices, and community centers. You can also search online for job counselling sources. The job counselling services provide people with expert career advice and help them network with companies looking for new employees.Finding Jobs OnlineIt’s probably no news to you that millions of people search online for new jobs. It’s a good idea to add this to your job search toolbox. Take advantage of opportunities online. It wasn’t too long ago that only those working for government agencies or large corporations could take advantage of Internet job searches. Now, the average person is able to use  job search engines  or visit  job posting sites   online, to find new job opportunities.NetworkingHere is a question that every job seeker should ask themselves. Have I communicated to all the people I know in my network that I am looking for employment? If the answer is no, it’s time to get to work. The fact is that there are a multitude of jobs available that are not advertised. Employers find new staff through networking with others in the industry. Make sure that everyone in your network is fully aware that you are seeking new employment. Take advantage of opportunities to network on a daily basis.

Examine the general differences between quantitative and qualitative Essay

Examine the general differences between quantitative and qualitative methodologies. What are the advantages when employing them in combination - Essay Example For instance, three professionals in research methodology offer that quantitative research seeks the â€Å"quantification of parameters such as number, size, connectivity, and the spatial arrangement of the different components of the structure under study† (Evans, Janson & Nyengaard, 2004: 87). In this definition, quantification essentially suggests a confirmation by utilising various research instruments designed to provide, in the broadest hope, irrefutable evidence that certain events related to the research topic can be correlated or proven to be accurate. Perhaps a more appropriate method to describe quantitative research is to recognise how various business and organisational researchers measure change over time. By adopting a longitudinal study, quantitative research methods can be utilised in a study programme which measures the impact of organisational change on various employees (the sample population). For instance, the utilisation of surveys or closed-ended questionnaires distributed to the appropriate sample group prior to the implementation of an organisational change initiative can measure pre-existing attitudes using a numerical or statistical approach to data analysis to determine whether a noticeable trend in employee behaviours exists. After the implementation of the change programme, similar survey instruments can be distributed to the same sample group to determine whether attitudes have changed over time. Thus, in this scenario, quantitative research provides a numerical representation for elements of human behaviour and avoiding issues of subjective analysis (which can be questioned by peer researchers) because the data returned is quite concrete. The measurement of outcomes associated with change are often important research areas in nearly all scientific disciplines (Duncan, 1999: 114). Thus, when attempting to link particular subject behaviours with elements of their general environment,

Classical Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Classical Realism - Essay Example Classical realism may seem a realistic approach in international relations however; to implement the same may not be entirely possible. The changing dynamics of world politics, globalization may not allow nations to continue to dominate for longer period of time. Further, the influence of such forces may not allow complete independence to the States to design and execute their international relations strategies in the light of their own self-interest. Classical Realism is rooted in the belief that since desire for power is one of the characteristics of the flawed human nature therefore States also attempt to increase their capabilities to gain more power. As such for classical realists, the international politics is bad or evil because people making the foreign policies are often bad too. The very concept of classical realism therefore suggests that the self-interests of the nations are basically above any other moral obligations of any State. Classical realism also outlines the need for nation-states and indicates that they are motivated by the national interests. These national interests however, are disguised in the overall moral obligations of the States. Classical realists argue that at the international level, States are the major actors deciding on their own based upon overall costs and benefits. It is however, critical to understand that there is an inherent dichotomy within classical realism. Iadvocates that the domestic politics as well as affairs should be dealt in accordance.

The Reactor Design Project Engineering Essay

The Reactor Design Project Engineering Essay The project objective was to optimize three different adiabatic ammonia reactor configurations with respect to reactor performance in order to produce 800 tonnes of ammonia per day, or the molar equivalent of 0.5447 kmol s-1 of ammonia. The optimizations in reactor performance involved primarily, minimizing the catalyst volume and secondarily, maximizing the catalyst lifespan, as well as ensuring the final operating conditions were stable. Due to the absence of a cost function, the reactor could NOT be optimized with respect to cost minimization. Three different reactor types were considered, namely a single plug-flow reactor, a dual interstage cooling reactor and a dual cold-shot cooling reactor. Temperature, pressure and fraction of ammonia in the feed stream were found to have the greatest effect on the resultant catalyst volume. Using MATLAB, it was found that the minimum volumes were 9.61 m3, 3.94 m3 and 4.78 m3 for a single stage plug-flow, an interstage cooling configuration and a cold shot cooling reactor configuration respectively. The interstage cooling reactor allowed for a 59% decrease in total catalyst volume when modified from the single stage design, but required an increase in inlet feed temperature of 115K and 2 additional heat exchangers. The cold shot cooling method allowed for a 50.2% decrease in reactor volume from the single stage design, requiring a 75K increase in feed temperature. 1. Introduction 1.1. Background Ammonia synthesis (also known as the Haber process) is one of the most widely applied chemical processes in the world; in 2009, the total worldwide production of ammonia exceeded 133,000 metric tonnes 1, this is second only to the worldwide production of sulphuric acid. Most of the ammonia produced is used in the manufacture of fertilisers (such as ammonium nitrate), ammonia is also used in the manufacture of nitrogen-based polymers such as nylon. Another noteworthy use of ammonia is as the starting reagent for the manufacture of nitrogen-based explosives such as nitroglycerin. The reaction which generates ammonia is exothermic and equilibrium limited: N2 + H2 is in equilibrium with NH3 ΆHR (298K, 1atm) = -46.11 kJmol-1 [Eqn. 1] In the early 20th century, Fritz Haber discovered that in order to obtain a significant yield of ammonia, the reaction required both high pressures and low temperatures (in accordance with the van t Hoff-Le Chatelier principle). It was known that the rate at which N2 decomposed in the reaction was very slow (N2 is thermodynamically more stable than NH3); therefore a very efficient catalyst was required in order to facilitate ammonia formation. Nowadays, the catalyst used in most industrial ammonia reactors is usually a porous form of enriched iron. Catalysts are expensive, but they present a good trade off; reactors are able to produce sufficient amounts of product at lower, more manageable temperatures and pressures. 1.2. Design objective The overall objective was to design a continuous fixed bed plug-flow process to meet the companys daily ammonia production demand of 800 tonnes per day (exclusive of any ammonia in the feed). The primary design objective was to try to minimize the catalyst volume the process required in order to meet the production requirement. The design also had to be considered safe to operate and had to operate at conditions that were considered to maximize the lifespan of the catalyst; these two were considered as secondary objectives. The preliminary design of the reactor considered a single-stage adiabatic bed with a bed cross-sectional area of 2.0 m2. The final designs involved two different two-stage systems; one implementing interstage cooling and the other implementing cold-shot cooling. Reactor performance and sensitivity were analysed by observing the effects of altering specific operating and design variables. The cost function for the process was not known, therefore it is important to note that the reactor could not be optimized with respect to cost, however the design could be implemented such that the reactor performance was greatly improved. For example, minimizing the required catalyst volume (and hence minimizing the reactor volume) will reduce the construction cost of the reactor. However this may come at the expense of greater operating and maintenance costs and, in the case of two-stage systems, may result in additional construction costs (interstage cooling requires heat exchanger(s) to be built). The investigation will only allow qualitative suggestions to be made as to which specific design aspects contribute to the generation and/or reduction of costs. 1.3 Safety The reactor operating conditions should be stable; such that small disturbances will not lead to thermal runaway (which has important implications for safety). Other than that, there are no large risks involved with operating the ammonia reactor, provided that good process control is implemented by the operator. 2. Kinetic theory and types of reactor configurations 2.1. The kinetics of ammonia synthesis and its implications on reactor design Ammonia synthesis involves a single exothermic, reversible reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen. For reversible reactions, the conversion corresponding to thermodynamic equilibrium at the chosen operating conditions cannot be surpassed. Since the reaction is exothermic, the activation energy (which is only temperature dependent) of the backwards reaction is greater than that of the forward reaction. Therefore an increase in temperature causes a rise in the rate of the reverse reaction which is greater than the rise in the rate of the forward reaction thus decreasing the maximum attainable conversion but decreasing the required catalyst volume. On the other hand, operating at a lower temperature increases the maximum attainable conversion, whilst reducing the total reaction rate and increasing the required catalyst volume. With regard to pressure, the effect is the opposite; increasing the pressure causes a greater rise in the rate of the forward reaction compared the backward react ion and vice versa. Designing a reactor producing ammonia therefore requires a compromise between keeping temperatures sufficiently high such that reaction rate remains significant whilst obtaining a respectable conversion of ammonia. Similarly, the pressure should be great enough so as to maintain a significant reaction rate, but not so high as to cause the reactor to deviate from safe operation. In order to minimize catalyst volume (and meet the primary objective), it is desirable to operate at the maximum forward rate of reaction at each cross-section across the reactor; thus maximizing the average forward rate across the reactor, this allows the desired extent to be met with the minimum catalyst surface area and hence with the minimum catalyst volume. In order for this to occur, each cross-section in the reactor must be operated at the unique pressure and temperature required to achieve maximum rate for a particular extent, i.e. the reactor moves along the locus of maximum reaction rates. This is unfeasible in this investigation since there is no temperature or pressure control implemented across the reactor (the reactor is adiabatic and WSHAFT=0); and even so, maintaining specific pressures and temperatures at each point along the reactor is practically unfeasible in itself; as each point in the reactor would require its own heat exchanger and pressure control system. Therefore for exothermic reversible reactions (without heat removal), the temperature increases along the length of the reactor and the rate vs extent profile will always have a characteristic maximum because the temperature along the reactor increases due to the heat released by the reaction, causing the net production rate to increase up to a certain extent before the reverse reaction starts to become significant. As the rate of the backwards reaction tends to increase further and temperature rises, the overall reaction rate will eventually reach zero at equilibrium. 2.2. Brief description of the Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR) A plug-flow reactor is characterized by fluid flowing through one end of the reactor and out the other, whilst satisfying the assumptions of plug-flow. The assumptions state: Fluid properties and flow rate remain constant across any cross-section of the reactor. The flow is orderly, with no element overtaking or mixing with fluid ahead or behind, (i.e. the residence time is the same for all fluid elements). The above assumptions tend to hold true where there is turbulent flow (Re >105), ensuring good radial mixing, and if the ratio of reactor length to diameter of the reactor is large (ratio à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 50), where lateral mixing may be neglected 2. Figure 1: An illustration of a plug-flow reactor 3 2.3. Brief description of Interstage Cooling Interstage cooling, also known as intercooling, is a multiple reactor design suitable for exothermic reversible reactions. Heat exchangers are used to cool the output of each reactor before being passed on to the next reactor, allowing for a greater possible conversion to be achieved in each successive reactor. This process can be replicated for an indefinite number of reactors until the reactor temperature is too low for reactions to occur or until the decrease in catalyst volume is not worth the additional cost of construction and complexity of operation. This project considers only the case where two reactors are used. Figure 2: An illustration of a dual reactor interstage cooling system4 2.4. Brief description of Cold-shot Cooling Cold-shot cooling reactor designs are similar to that of interstage cooling, but allow for elimination of the intermediate heat exchangers by injecting cold feed directly into the outlets of each reactor. This addition cools down the outlet stream of the reactor and also has the effect of decreasing the composition and conversion of the flow into the subsequent reactor (corresponding to the path from point b to c in Figure 3 below). Figure 3: An illustration of a dual reactor cold-shot cooling system 5 The flow diagram of two cold-shot reactors illustrates the lack of heat exchangers as compared to interstage cooling, as well as the splitting of the initial feed stream by the splitting fraction alpha, ÃŽÂ ±, which is the fraction of the fresh feed used as the coolant. The extent of reaction remains constant after mixing (which can be proven by a mass balance). 3. Mathematical model Derivations of differential equations All the assumptions of plug-flow mentioned above were applied in the construction of the equations below; the reactor was also assumed to operate at steady state (there is no mass hold up due to the catalyst). All other assumptions are mentioned in the derivations. It should be noted that rNH3 is defined as (rNH3 generated rNH3 consumed) and is measured per unit of catalyst volume; hence the equations specify the volume of catalyst VC and not the reactor volume VR. 3.1. Change in catalyst volume with respect to the extent of reaction: Mass balance on ammonia: [Eqn. 2] The extent of reaction can be defined as: [Eqn. 3] Equations 2 and 3 were combined to obtain the following equation: Since , the equation above was rearranged to give the initial catalyst volume gradient: [Eqn. 4] 3.3. Change in temperature with respect to the extent of reaction: Figure 4: An illustration of the cross section of a plug-flow reactor An energy balance across an infinitesimally small cross section of the catalyst bed gave: Shaft work (W), changes in kinetic energy and changes in potential energy were neglected: The equation above was divided by the cross-sectional area of the tube, A: where Q denotes the heat transfer by conduction. In the equation below, the enthalpy change upon mixing was neglected (a perfect solution was assumed). It was also assumed that the gases in question were ideal and hence their enthalpy was independent of pressure, the energy balance then took the form: [Eqn. 5] is the standard heat of formation of compound. i denotes each species present. Recalling that for a tubular reactor, and : does not have a negative sign as rproduct is calculated as the main subject) [Eqn. 6] The heat of reaction was simplified as shown below: [Eqn. 7] Equation 7 was substituted into Equation 6 which was then substituted into Equation 5: [Eqn. 8] The chain rule was used to combine and : Since the reactor was assumed to be adiabatic, Q = 0: [Eqn. 9] 3.4. Change in pressure with respect to the extent of reaction: The chain rule was used to find using the formula for , bed cross-sectional area A and since A dl = dVC. Substituting the components of the three terms above, we get the initial pressure against extent gradient formula: [Eqn. 10] 4. Simulation theory and strategy 4.1. Main simulation objectives Regardless of the design used, these objectives are overarching and apply to all three reactor types: The first two bullet-points define what is meant by optimizing the reactor: Minimizing catalyst volume; Operating temperatures and pressures are limited by safety considerations (preventing thermal runaway), material construction and catalyst degradation conditions. These degradation conditions are specified by actual limits set by ammonia process operators in industry: these are above 823 K and above 300 bar 6; Interstage and cold-shot cooling designs are only dual reactor designs. The derivation of the required total extent for all simulations is as follows: The MATLAB coding incorporating the required data and was used to solve the differential equations described earlier in the mathematical model for the outlet temperature, pressure and catalyst volume; all the assumptions applied in the mathematical model were thus applied in the coding, unit consistency was also maintained in the programming. 4.2. Single stage simulation strategy It is clear that a plug-flow reactor can take advantage of concentration profiles present in the reactor in order to minimize the total catalyst volume. Near the desired extent, adiabatic plug-flow reactors (running exothermic reversible reactions) operate ideally somewhere between the equilibrium line, where the rate of the forward and backwards reaction are equal, and the optimum line, which is a curve connecting the maximas of all the different rate curves, also known as the locus of maximum rates. Figure 5: A graph displaying the variation of forward rate with extent It is opted to run the reactor under conditions such that the inlet rate is exactly equal to the outlet rate where the reactor exits at the desired extent of 0.5447. The rin = rout condition limits the maximum average rate by a small amount but provides a greater amount of kinetic stability in the event of a disturbance; a small increase in the inlet temperature may push the reaction closer to equilibrium whilst a small decrease in the inlet temperature will decrease the outlet rate slightly but still allow the reactor to operate in a region of higher rates. The locus of rin = rout is found between the optimum line and the equilibrium line. As shown in Figure 5, this condition also means that the region of maximum reaction rate is taken advantage of; i.e. the rate in the reactor is always greater than or equal to the inlet rate. Therefore, although the temperature increases along the reactor, the forward rate is kept as high as possible. As the extent of reaction increases across the reactor for a fixed set of inlet conditions, it is expected for the surface area of catalyst to increase; if more product is generated, more catalyst is required to facilitate this generation. There is a limit in the MATLAB coding such that the catalyst volume decreases whilst the reaction extent continues to increase; the code is such that results after this point are treated as erroneous and are not used, thus the code finds the inlet conditions needed to achieve the maximum possible extent for an adiabatic reactor. To apply the simulation strategy, a MATLAB program was created to find the inlet conditions which satisfy the rin = rout condition for a desired final extent (0.5447 in this case). A separate program was also created to vary operating and design conditions individually and examine their effect on the catalyst volume. Graphs of the locus of maximum reaction rate, locus of rin = rout rates and the equilibrium curve were constructed using the desired inlet conditions determined from the single stage simulation. 4.3. Interstage cooling simulation strategy The overall reaction follows the adiabatic operating curve (it may not necessarily be a straight line due to the pressure drop across the reactor). It was desirable for the reaction to end at the same point as in the single stage simulation (with the same final extent); where the rate at the outlet of the second reactor lies on the rin = rout line for the desired extent. It was also desirable for the rate at the exit of the first reactor to be equal to the rate at the entrance of the second reactor; so that the reactor can continue onwards from the same rate in the second reactor (and maintain the average forward reaction rate). For this code, there was no condition that the rate at the inlet of the first reactor must equal the rate at the outlet of the first reactor (and likewise for the second reactor); since it was unfeasible to make the rates equivalent at all the inlets and outlets. Instead it was specified that rate1 OUT= rate2 IN and that rate2 OUT = rate OPTIMIZED SINGLE STAGE OUT. The extent in the first reactor (and therefore in the second reactor) had to be specified for each set of results. If the extent was too high, the outlet of the first reactor would be very near equilibrium whilst if it was set too low the outlet of the first reactor would be reached before the maximum rate had been obtained; therefore a degree of overshoot past the maximum reaction rate was desirable; the program ensured that there was a degree of overshoot past the maximum reaction rate in both reactors before validating a result. The locus of maximum reaction rates (from the single stage optimization) was used to determine the feed temperature for which the rate is a maximum at the start; this temperature was roughly 790K (located graphically). Above this temperature, the region of maximum reaction rates was not utilised at all; and the maximum extent achievable (using the gradient of the operating line) at equilibrium was roughly 0.28. This specified the minimum extent of reaction in reactor 1. If the feed temperature were too low, the first reactor would perform similar to a single PFR, defeating the purpose of having two reactors. Thus a moderate extent range of 0.3 0.4 was chosen for the first reactor as it was unworkable to put an excessive production load on either reactor. In order to apply this strategy, a program was used to specify the inlet conditions to the second reactor; the program moved along the operating curve using the initial conditions obtained in the single stage reactor up to the desired extent in the first reactor. This gave the inlet rate to the second reactor as well as the flow rate, temperature and composition of this stream. Following this, the rate1 OUT = rate2 IN condition was used to acquire the inlet and outlet temperatures and pressures of the first reactor and its volume. Lastly, the inlet conditions to the second reactor and the remaining extent were used to calculate the volume of the second reactor. The combined volumes and degrees of cooling between the reactors were compared for the chosen range of extents. 4.4. Cold-shot cooling simulation strategy Figure 6: A graph displaying the variation of extent with temperature for a cold-shot system The rate identity rin=rout used to optimize the single PFR was used in the cold-shot cooling reactor design. With reference to Figure 6, optimization was achieved by ensuring that the reaction moved from points aÆ’Â  bÆ’Â  cÆ’Â  d , with the following rate identities; ra = rb and re = rd. The second reactor would operate along the path that the optimum single PFR would operate on (e Æ’Â   d). By adhering to the above conditions, there were three variables left to define, namely alpha (ÃŽÂ ±), initial feed temperature Tini and the interstage extent ÃŽÂ ¾1. Fixing alpha and Tini would automatically define ÃŽÂ ¾1 and outlet temperature of the first reactor as the rates at points a and b must be the same. This optimized the first reactor for the given inlet conditions. By constructing enthalpy and mass balances on the mixing point of the outlet from the first reactor with the cold stream, the inlet temperature into the second reactor was determined, thereby finding outlet conditions of the second reactor, should it achieve the required extent of 0.5447 kmol s-1. Finally, in order to ensure that total optimization had occurred for the specified alpha and temperature, the difference in rates at points e and d was confirmed to be as close to zero as possible. Several iterations would be required to home in on the best inlet temperature for a given extent. The temperature of the feed used for cooling, Tf, was 298K; significantly lower than the temperature of the fluid exiting the reactor. This imposed an upper limit on the split fraction ÃŽÂ ±, beyond which the feed temperature into the second reactor would be too low for reactions to operate at an acceptable rate; catalyst volume would need to be larger to counter this effect, meaning optimization would not achieved. Therefore, by varying ÃŽÂ ± for 50 equal intervals from 0.01 to 0.5, and finding the 50 corresponding Tini values that satisfied the above stated rate identities gave the optimum reactor for each value of ÃŽÂ ±. The best cold-shot reactor specification was easily deduced from the setup which had the smallest overall catalyst volume. Results and Discussion 5.1. Single Plug-flow Reactor 5.1.1. Varying the ammonia composition in the feed Figure 7: A graph displaying the effect of ammonia feed mol % change on catalyst volume The composition of ammonia in the feed was changed while keeping the molar feed rate constant. (Change ratio: 4% decrease in NH3 = 1% increase in N2 + 3% increase in H2, etc). Figure 7 shows that decreasing the ammonia fraction from the original 8 mol % (while increasing the reactant mol %) lead to a significant drop in catalyst volume required. The greater concentration of reactants favoured the forward reaction, increasing the rate of formation of ammonia, leading to a smaller catalyst volume. When the ammonia fraction was too high (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥0.16), the initial concentration of reactants was insufficient to achieve the required extent. Also, as the partial pressure of ammonia increased in the reactor, a greater proportion of the catalysts active sites became blocked and the forward rate decreased, increasing the required catalyst volume 7. It was decided to keep the mol % of ammonia in the feed at 8% in subsequent simulations; although the lowest mol % of ammonia in the feed produces the minimum catalyst volume, it is impractical for this to occur since ammonia is normally recycled in industrial reactors 8. 5.1.2. Varying the reactor cross-sectional area Figure 8: A graph displaying the effect of cross-sectional area on catalyst volume Figure 8 shows that increasing the cross-sectional area reduced the catalyst volume, but this reduction was more significant only at the smaller area values. Increasing the area increased the number of catalyst pellets available at the reactor cross-section; therefore a greater reaction rate was initially facilitated as the volume increased. However, the inlet flow was fixed, and beyond a certain area, the flow into the reactor did not utilise the additional pellet area at the cross section; and thus the catalyst volume was less affected. The cross sectional area for the remainder of the investigation was kept at 2m2 because the increase in cross-sectional area above 2m2 does not justify the relatively minimal reduction in catalyst volume. 5.1.3. Variation of catalyst voidage Table 1: Displays catalyst volumes for different values of catalyst voidage Voidage 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 Vc at ÃŽÂ ¾ = 0.54466 (m3) 23.4642 23.4877 23.5399 23.6728 24.1043 Voidage is the ratio of the catalyst volume to the reactor volume. A larger voidage means a higher catalyst pellet density, thereby allowing a smaller catalyst volume. However, increases in voidage past 0.4 did not contribute to any further significant decrease in catalyst volume. For the purpose of subsequent simulations, the voidage was kept to the original 0.4. 5.1.4. Variation of catalyst diameter Table 2: Displays catalyst volumes for different values of catalyst diameter Catalyst Diameter 0.011 0.009 0.007 0.005 0.003 Vc at ÃŽÂ ¾ = 0.54466 (m3) 23.5881 23.6209 23.6728 23.7675 23.9954 It is seen from the data that varying catalyst diameter had a negligible effect on the catalyst volume, suggesting that although the surface area of each catalyst pellet increased, the number of catalyst pellets decreased, and thus the overall catalyst area did not change significantly. It was decided to stick to the original catalyst diameter provided. 5.1.5. Varying temperature and pressure Figure 8: A graph displaying the effect of inlet temperature on catalyst volume for different isobars As the temperature was increased, a decrease in the catalyst volume was observed. At lower pressures, the gradient of the graph (the change in VC with inlet T) was much higher and therefore inlet temperature was more effective at reducing the catalyst volume at lower pressures. This has some implications with respect to cost; if the inlet temperature is increased, there is an electricity cost associated with operating the reactor at this higher inlet temperature, but there is also a saving due to the reduction in catalyst volume. Figure 9: A graph displaying the effect of inlet pressure on catalyst volume for different isotherms As inlet pressure was increased, the catalyst volume decreased. As discussed in the theory, the increase in pressure favoured the forward reaction, thereby increasing the reaction rate per unit volume of catalyst. However, the capital costs spent on reactor materials able to withstand the high pressures have to be taken into consideration in addition to the greater maintenance cost of the catalyst bed (since a higher pressure reduces the longevity of a catalyst). 5.1.6. Results of single stage simulation Table 3: Displays the specifications and feed conditions the optimized single PFR Feed Composition Cross sectional area (m2) Catalyst Diameter (m) Voidage Extent Temperature (K) Pressure (Bar) N2 H2 NH3 In Out In Out 0.23 0.69 0.08 2 0.0007 0.4 0.5447 624.2 796.0 300 298.6 It can be observed that the pressure drop throughout the reaction was rather insignificant compared to the total pressure in the reactor. The optimization values from the single stage plug-flow reactor were essential for designing dual reactors that utilized interstage or cold-shot cooling as the second reactors were designed to follow the reaction path taken by the single stage PFR. The optimum single stage pressure of 300 bar was also the optimum pressure used for the subsequent simulations; the maximum operating pressure tolerable is 300 bar according to the catalyst degradation conditions specified in the simulation objectives. 5.2. Interstage Cooling Figure 10: A graph displaying the extents of reaction for different temperatures. The interstage path for ÃŽÂ ¾1 values of 0.3, 0.34 (optimum), and 0.4 are displayed along with the locus of maximum reaction rates, the equilibrium curve and the locus of rin = rout. Results were obtained for 10 extents between 0.3 and 0.4; these are displayed in the appendix. From the graph above, it can be seen that for all three extents; 0.3, 0.34, 0.4, the reaction in the first reactor moved past the locus of maximum rates and the locus of rIN = rOUT and then approached the equilibrium curve, thereby maximizing conversion. The outlet stream was then cooled to a point along the path taken by the volume minimizing single PFR. The graph thus shows that performance optimization occurred in the interstage cooling design as catalyst volumes in both reactors were minimized. The range of chosen extents for the first reactor, 0.3 0.4 kmol s-1, also proved to be robust, providing well performing reactors with small catalyst volumes (where all reactors had a combined catalyst volume less than half of that of the single stage reactor). Volume reached a minimum of 3.94 m3 when the extent was fixed at 0.34 kmol s-1 with an inlet feed temperature of 737.1K. 5.3. Cold-shot Cooling Table 4 Conditions and results for the optimum cold-shot system Extent Achieved Temperature (K) Catalyst volume (m3) 1st 2nd 1st 2nd In Out In Out Vr1 Vr2 0.2958 0.2489 699 795.769 717.172 796.407 1.523 3.254 (Vc 1 Vc 2 = 1st 2nd Catalyst volume respectively) Figure 11: Catalyst volume minimizing temperatures at specific alpha values During simulation of the cold-shot cooling reactor design, it was deduced that the range of ÃŽÂ ± was restricted from 0.01 to 0.38, beyond which the bulk of the reaction would occur in one of the two reactors, making the other redundant. Optimally, ÃŽÂ ± should be somewhere between the limits of the range; for ÃŽÂ ± = 0.19 and feed temperature at 699K, a minimum overall volume of 4.78 m3 was achieved. It is seen from the graph above that as ÃŽÂ ± deviates from 0.19 and tends towards 0, the first reactor behaves more like a single PFR. The same happens to the second reactor as ÃŽÂ ± tends towards the ÃŽÂ ± upper limit. Increasing the initial feed temperature causes ÃŽÂ ± to increase in order for optimization to occur, while a decrease would bring about the opposite effect. This is because a larger fraction would be required to cool the output from the first reactor to achieve optimization should the reactor operate at a higher temperature. The contrary is true; with a larger ÃŽÂ ±, the initial feed temperature cannot be too low as excessive cooling of the second fraction would occur. 6. Conclusion It can be concluded that the investigation w

Diversity Training Manual

Diversity Training Manual: Part 1 Abstract This paper is the first part of a training manual that will help employees to have a better understanding of diversity in the work place and how to act towards different diversity issues that may arise in the workplace. It will also give current statistics and recent trends of the demographics in the United States as well as the forecasted trends. Also included will be a rough outline of the entire contents of the manual and the table of contents for the manual. Table of Contents Introduction: Section 1: Current Statistics of the Demographics of the Population in the United States Section 2: Recent Trends of the Demographics in the United States a)Immigrants versus natives b)Religion c)Age d)Race Section 3: Forecasted Trends of the Demographics in the United States Section 4: Forms of discrimination a)Legislation covering discrimination b)Customs and values of different groups c)How to deal with differing values and customs d)Legislation affecting supervisor regulation Introduction What is diversity? Diversity is simply everything that makes people different from one another. It refers to different languages, races, age groups, gender, and religion (Bucher, 2010). A few decades ago the main part of the workforce was white men between the ages of 20 and 60. Now there are a larger number of women joining the work force along with younger people between the ages of 16 to 26 (AIU, 2011). There was also a mostly white workforce. Due to immigrants coming in from other countries, there are now other races in the workforce (Bucher, 2010). These immigrants are bringing with them different work habits, different languages and different religions. If the amount of immigrants continues at its present rate, it is projected that by the year 2050 the population of the United States will be 438 million and 82% of the population will be new immigrants arriving in the United States and their descendants that will be born as U. S. citizens (Passel & Cohn, 2008). As the number of immigrants increases, the number of the non-Hispanic white population will decrease. It has been forecasted that by the year 2050 whites will be a minority group. They will only account for 47% of the population where the Hispanics and Asians will be the majority (Passel & Cohn, 2008). Another demographic change that is going to take place is the age of the work force. With all the advances being made in the medical field people are living longer and are able to work longer. The workforce used to be made of men that had similar capabilities that were between the ages of 20 and 60. Now there are four different age groups to consider, there are the traditionalists that are over the age of 60. Then there are the baby boomers that are between the ages of 44 and 60. Generation X is between the ages of 26 and 44 and then there is generation Y that is younger than 26. All these age groups need to be communicated to differently but have to be treated equally (Pierce, 2011). This training manual is going to help everyone to think outside of their own culture and learn how to communicate with others that do not always share the same views. References AIU Online (2011). Unit 1: Current Workforce Make-Up. Retrieved on November 11, 2011 from https://mycampus. com/classroom/Pages/multimediacorsetext. Bucher, Richard D. (2010). Diversity Consciousness Opening Our Minds to People, Cultures, and Opportunities (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Passel, Jeffery and Cohn, D’Vera (February 11, 2008). Immigration to Play Lead Role in Future U. S. Growth. Retrieved on November 11, 2011 from http://pewresearch. org/pubs/729/united-states-population-projections Pew Research Center (February 25, 2008). The U. S. Religious Landscape Survey Reveals a Fluid Diverse Pattern of Faith. Retrieved on November 11, 2011 from http://pewresearch. org/pubs/743/united-states-religion. Pierce, Rick (2011). Dealing with a Changing Workforce-Supervision in the 21st Century. Retrieved on November 11, 2011 from http://www. businessexperwebinars. com/content/view/593/29/

The Language Codes Identified By Basil Bernstein - 1311 Words

Language is a mixed bag of contradictions which all of society use to address the specific needs of their group. A teacher’s role is extreme in the process of understanding language. It is not enough to merely consider the cultural context in which the speaker emerges, teachers must understand the implications arising from such circumstances, and how they present in the classroom. Socio-cultural factors such as religion, sex and social class, play a significant role in developing a student’s ability to perceive and use language effectively. Renowned theorists Lee Vygotsky, placed an enormous value on students learning from competent social relationships (O’Donnell et al. 2016, 101). Through exploring different language codes identified by†¦show more content†¦4). Language is therefore seen as more than a tool to communicate. Language is an identity used distinctly by different groups to recognise people with parallel values and beliefs who share simila r qualities. Vygotsky explains cognitive development as a ‘socially mediated activity’ which occurs during social interaction (O’Donnell et al. 2016. p. 101). By providing us with this description, Vygotsky is reinforcing the fundamental role our social settings play in contributing to student’s overall development. Gee explains an important factor of why he believes some student s do not succeed in the classroom. A Discourse, as illustrated by Gee is a network of people that shares a similar way of using language, of valuing, acting and thinking, these traits make the group easily identifiable (Green, 2006. p.3). While there are many benefits of belonging to a group, Children can be identified as failures if the Discourse is unfamiliar to them. All cultures are diverse in one aspect or another, many have different beliefs, ideologies and rules which helps us identify different groups (Lawrence, J.A., Brooker, A., Goodnow, J.J 2012 p. 77) . Unfortunately, being raised in certain cultures can negatively impact students’ performance in the classroom. Schooling embodies the ‘dominant culture’ which outlines the rules and defines the important concepts (Poplin, 1993, p.246). DisadvantageShow MoreRelatedAssess the View That the Working Class Underachievement in School Is Because of Home Circumstances.1202 Words   |  5 Pages Basil Bernstein identified two forms of speech pattern, the restricted code and the elaborate code. The restricted code is a kind of shorthand speech. In comparison, in the elaborated code, meanings are made explicit, explanations are provided and details are spelt out. According to Bernstein, most middle class children have been socialised in both the restricted and elaborated code s whereas many working class children are limited to the restricted code. As teachers use the elaborated code, workingRead MoreThe Influence of Social Class on Communication2091 Words   |  9 PagesC.A.] and Post Codes where social class can be a rough indicator and may be used for advertising and marketing purposes. Names in society tend to be fashionable and children are often named after popular celebrities in the media such as Kylie, Emily, Beyonce, William, Jamie. For other people a name may be one that is traditionally handed down through generations such as Bill and Jimmy and be linked to social class and help to denote someones age or even religion. Basil Bernstein (1924-2000) attemptedRead MoreAssignment One. â€Å"To View Language As Though It Were An1794 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment One â€Å"to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Grugeon and Gardner 2000: 105) Language is a mixed bag of contradictions which all of society use to address the specific needs of their group. A teacher’s role is extreme in the process of understanding language. It is not enough to merely consider theRead More A discussion of the theory that class-based differences in educational1165 Words   |  5 Pagesthough use of language, ensuring that working class students will be less likely to understand and be understood. This disadvantages working class students, and by creating educational success and failure, legitimises the position of both those at the bottom and top. Basil Bernstein pointed the different speech codes used by the middle and working classes, the ‘restricted code’, which is context bound and requires previous common knowledge between users, and the ‘elaborated code’ which is notRead MoreWhat Is Language Devoid Of The Social Context Of Its Creation And Use1499 Words   |  6 PagesTo make language devoid of the social context of its creation and use is to dislocate it from which it derives its meanings. Thus ridding it of its use with the only benefit of understanding what it is made up of. However, understanding what language is made of and understanding how to use it are two different things, neither of which will give you a complete understanding of language on its own. Using Gardner’s analogy of language being like a fish you dissect as well as observe within its habitatRead MoreHow Does Social Inequality Effect A Child s Educational Achievement?2145 Words   |  9 PagesThe Youth Cohort Study (2007) it shows that middle class children on average perform better than working class children. This is because the poorest and most disadvantaged homes are the ones that achieve the lowest results. This problem has been identified as a policy concern for all three major political parties in the United Kingdom (UK). In December 2007, the government published a plan called ‘Building brighter futures’it has been designed to eradicate child poverty and social division. Ed ballsRead MoreTransformative and Instrumental Views on Education in Australia2769 Words   |  12 Pageshigher socioeconomic status. According to Raewyn Connell et. al., ideology is used for and by â€Å"†¦those in power to maintain and reinforce their positions† (2013, pp. 82). An example of this reinforcement of control can be seen in Basil Bernstein’s Speech Codes Theory. Bernstein had a great interest in the sociolinguistic characteristics of people and how it reflected in their education process. In his study of the relationship between social class and schooling, he surmised that those with a formal orRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesEssex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 2007  © Pearson Education Limited 2007 The rights of Joanne Duberley, Phil Johnson and John McAuley to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or byRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageseconomy? Arguments that the new migrants are different and less able to assimilate than those in earlier waves often point to the rise in transnational connections and ease of return travel, the expansion of dual citizenship, the prevalence of home-language media, stronger ethnic and racial differences, the emergence of segregated labor markets that block advancement, and the illegal status of many migrants.69 Most of these arguments rest on weak historical foundations. In nations where assimilationRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ Selective Perception 353 †¢ Information Overload 353 †¢ Emotions 353 †¢ Language 354 †¢ Silence 354 †¢ Communication Apprehension 355 †¢ Lying 355 Global Implications 356 Cultural Barriers 356 †¢ Cultural Context 357 †¢ A Cultural Guide 358 Summary and Implications for Managers 360 S A L S A L Self-Assessment Library

Analysis Of The Movie The Night - 1181 Words

Phillip had remained proud of himself, cocky even over the performance he had serenaded on Kylee. It was out-of-character for him to do such a thing, but he had obviously been out of character lately, and now he could add actor to his list of ever-growing attributes. As he whistled his way home he was sure that, right at that very moment, due to his compelling persuasion, Kylee was most likely already talking to either, Brooke Adkins or Vera Sutton, informing them of what had just happened to her as she stood out in front her church after Saturday school’s dismissal. And without a doubt, sugar coating the playback to the best of her ability so that he came off in her recount of the encounter as an absolute monster. Phillip was also sure†¦show more content†¦Upon approach, Inez was already outside, sitting on an ancient, blown over, semi-rotten tree. He looked focused, zoned out, as if he were going through steps in his mind of every possible scenario of what could per haps go wrong with their plan. He remained in this taciturn and distant state even as Cassidy and Phillip neared and then stood before him staring befuddled over his comatose nature. â€Å"Inez!† Cassidy said for a third time which finally worked to bring him around. â€Å"Are we ready to do this?† Inez leaned his head back and let it then lull circularly on shoulders as if trying to release stored tension. He then pulled his long black hair back tying it off with an old rubber band. â€Å"Let’s do this,† he then said as he marched off past Phillip and Cassidy making his way over to a large pull cart he had draped with a white cloth. â€Å"Are we going to have to pull that through the woods?† Cassidy asked with a pouting grimace as she pointed an outstretched finger at the cart and waited apprehensively for his answer. â€Å"Well, not if you can make a road magically appear so you can get your old man’s transport back here to pull it,† Inez responded a bit sarcastically as he picked up cart’s handle. Phillip and Cassidy remained paused like they were suddenly standing in quicksand, they then glanced at each other despairingly knowing even the best laid plans didn’t go off without a hitch, and this was the first of what was many they were surely going to see today. Rolling theirShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 996 Words   |  4 Pagesneedles of death! she exclaims. I don t understand you, Bridges. Josh laughs,You saved my life, but then almost gave me a heart attack. Brianna smiles up at him as he laughs. Adoration shines in her eyes, sparkling like stars on the darkest of nights. Blood curdling needles of death? Josh chuckles, So dramatic! Have you ever considered writing? Shut up Ramsay. Brianna smirks, I would be a wonderful author. Josh walks closer to the bed, his heart racing. He sits down in the same spotRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 957 Words   |  4 Pagesthem. The figures were grim in appearance, green, ribs protruding from the side, hollow eyes, and open mouths that were letting out a hollow scream. Our class, 30 in number, shuffled in and took our seats. Once in our seats we were shown a movie. The movie was about the Holocaust, and some of the people who were fortunate enough to survive it. The film covered significant points that were the crescendos of this time in History. The survivors spoke on their experiences, how they survived, and theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 867 Words   |  4 PagesRichards briefcase it showed the audience that Paul was showing his anger due to the fact he had feeling for Anne. 9. There were a couple unique sound effects in the play. The sound effects was the pounding on the door, the noise of the door across the hall closing, the door knob when it was being unscrewed from the door, a baby crying, and the jiggle of a dogs collar. The sound cues were executed at the right moments in the play. For example, when the lady from 4a came into 4b’s apartment to talkRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 858 Words   |  4 Pagesreally missed the great adventure, which not only added gas to her fire but it made her go on a rage. This rage lasted for weeks and weeks and she ended up destroying her room just to show her parents how bad she wanted to go to the carnival. The night that she destroyed her room a little leprechaun about the same size of her foot with a face that looked cute, according to Lucy which made it easier for the leprechaun to convince her into going with him to the carnival. The leprechaun ran into herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 1065 Words   |  5 PagesAt Once Again Antiques, Zach hesitated under the store’s overhang and stomped the snow from his boots. In the display window, a vintage jukebox played Deck the Halls, and next to it, a color wheel revolved in front of an aluminum Christmas tree. He removed his Stetson and tapped it against his pant leg, releasing a dusting of snow from the dark felt brim. Whatever was supposed to happen would be today, December 24th. For Gran’s sake, he’d ask an eye-catching, yet complete stranger to accompany himRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 1047 Words   |  5 Pagestrying my best (and failing miserably) to keep the tears out of my eyes. Fairly recently, I assumed that role for another friend. The symbolism, it kills me. And yet here I am, sitting in a Starbucks at 7:04 in the morning because I didn’t sleep last night and instead watched the last season of FRIENDS and cried, wondering when I’d find someone who loved me as much as Ross loves Rachel, as much as Chandler loves Monica, and wondering when I would ever love someone in the same way. Wondering if it’d happenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 898 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Here he is,† Mindy said happily when Zack arrived for his detention. Zack looked around. The only people there were Miss Devasquez and Mindy. He knew about the â€Å"special detention† that Miss Hartick had put together, and he had expected that he would have to go through the same thing. It didn’t look that way though. He was glad about that at least. He even let himself expect that this might be a regular detention. He asked, â€Å"It’s just us?† â€Å"It’s just us,† Miss Devasquez said. Playfully, she saidRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 925 Words   |  4 Pagesher friends enjoyed the use of the house owned by her best friend’s parents. They had the run of Megan’s family beach home in Playa Del Rey for the holiday week. Megan’s parents were on location in Canada for two months. Her dad and mom were on a movie shoot filming a creature feature. As a result, the friends felt they were on one long slumber party, similar to the ones they enjoyed as teenagers. Only at this juncture of their life, wine and men liven up the week-long gathering. The young womenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 978 Words   |  4 PagesBy the following Tuesday night she was ready to resume taking after having several nights of poor sleep. The doorbell rang about 1A.M., I got up in time to see Kevin handing an almost nude Susan a Sunday. All she had on was her pink panties, hmm..she had pajama s on when she went to bed. At first I thought she might be awake, but her blank expression led me to believe she was in ambient trance. How did Kevin know to bring a Sunday or did he just chance it? Why was Susan naked? Did she call KevinRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 1673 Words   |  7 Pagesvisiting her friend Melinda who was staying with her father at his place in Elmira, NY. But, after having arrived a day early and not wanting to be a burden. Pamela decided to make a stop at the Ramapo Valley resort just outside of Monticello for the night. Melinda, who had also been a former working girl, had left Miami six years earlier when she had chosen to turn her life around by getting clean. At the time, a local pimp who only went by the name of â€Å"Rangel† had tried to kill her for stealing